Correct Answer: A. Adrenal

Correct Answer: C. Implementing sustainable fishing practices

Explanation

Implementing sustainable fishing practices is an example of conserving resources in an ecosystem. It identifies a practice that helps in preserving and maintaining the fish populations and the overall health of aquatic ecosystems.

Explanation

(a) An ecosystem;is a natural unit in which there is an interaction between all living organisms (biotic factors) and non-living organisms (abiotic factors) within an environment or habitat.

(b) Abiotic factors that affect plants and animals are: inorganic compounds or elements, e.g. O\(_2\), N\(_2\), salts, CO\(_2\) , H\(_2\)O etc; water/rainfall; temperature; light/ sunlight; wind; altitude; pressure; moisture/humidity; pH; wildfire/thunder and lightning

(c) Effects of abiotic factors include:

(i) Temperature:

(1) high temperature leads to high transpiration rate in plants/ aestivation and hibernation in animals

(2) High rate of metabolism in organisms

(3) a high rate of decay of organic matter

(4) a higher rate of growth and shorter length of life cycle in some organisms, e.g. housefly and toad

(5) at very low temperature plant roots absorb water at slower rates leading to reduction in the rate of transpiration and metabolism of organisms

(6) at low temperature, animals, e.g. snails may hibernate., birds migrate.

(ii) Rainfall:

(1) makes water available to organisms (plants and animals)

(2) quantity of rainfall determines type of vegetation in a habitat

(3) vegetation in turn influences types of animals that will live there

(4) rainfall, splash or floods may dislodge organisms

(5) rainfall increases relative humidity which may affect the rate of transpiration and perspiration in plants and animals respectively

(6) rainfall causes soil erosion which deprives plants of soil nutrients

(7) may form puddles or ponds thereby creating habitats or breeding ground for certain terrestrial organisms

(iii) Wind:

(1) steady wind increases rate of evaporation, transpiration and desiccation for animals

(2) strong wind causes soil erosion which affects living organisms

(3) strong wind breaks off branches of trees, fell trees or bend them, and force animals out of cover

(4) aids dispersal of organisms

(5) aids pollination

(iv) Light:

(1) intensity of sunlight affects plants by affecting rate of photosynthesis

(2) affects the rate of transpiration and stomata opening

(3) adequate sunlight promotes growth of many plant species

(4) low light leads to growth of shade tolerant species

(5) light affects the vision/movement of animals

(6) light affects the distribution of organisms in habitat.

(v) Pressure/Altitude:

(1) at high altitude, pressure decreases and animals have problems with respiration and blood pressure

(2) at high altitude, temperatures decrease while wind action increases, and this affects the distribution of organisms

(3) at high altitudes, only animals with special hemoglobin are found in the environment

(4) altitude may affect speciation

(5) altitude may affect the behavioral pattern of animals.

(vi) Inorganic Compounds:

(1) used by organisms (plants and animals) to maintain growth and sustain life

(2) 02 for respiration

(3) CO2 for photosynthesis

(4) N2/Nitrates promote plant growth

(5) H2O for growth and maintenance of body temperature

(6) PO for protein synthesis

(7) SO4\(_2\) for plant growth.

(vii) Humidity:

(1) affects rate of transpiration and perspiration

(2) affects the vision of animals through the formation of fog or mist

(3) affects the activities of poikilothermic animals

(4) affects the distribution of organisms, e.g. earthworms; bryophytes, e.g. liverworts etc.

(viii)Wildfire/Thunder and Lightning:

(1) destroys organisms, vegetation and animals

(2) displaces organisms (animals) from their habitat

Correct Answer: D. transport organic materials in and out of the cells

Correct Answer: C) earthworm

Explanation

In Biology, exoskeleton is a hard outer covering that provides support and protection to an organism. The question is asking which of the given organisms does NOT have an exoskeleton. The options are maggot, mosquito larva, earthworm, caterpillar, and temtia. Out of the given options, the correct answer is earthworm. Earthworms do not have an exoskeleton. Instead, they have a soft, moist, and flexible body that is protected by a thin cuticle. The cuticle is a layer of skin that covers the earthworm's body and helps it to retain moisture. On the other hand, insects such as maggots, mosquito larvae, caterpillars, and temtia all have exoskeletons to provide support and protection to their bodies. The exoskeleton is made up of a tough and rigid material called chitin, which covers the entire body of the insect. It is important to know the body structures of different organisms as they play a vital role in their survival and adaptation to their environment.

Correct Answer: B. Pith, or medulla, is a tissue in the stems of vascular plants. Pith is composed of soft, spongy parenchyma cells, which store and transport nutrients throughout the plant.

Correct Answer: B. reflex arc

Correct Answer: B. disperse the reproductives in order to establish new colonies

Correct Answer: B. clayey

Correct Answer: D. Termination

Explanation

UAG, UAA, and UGA are stop codons so when they enter the A site of a ribosome they will initiate the termination of translation.