Explanation

(a) (i) Ecosystem:

Is a natural unit consisting/made up of living/biotic/organism and non-living/abiotic elements/factors; interacting to produce a stable system.

(ii) Abiotic environment:

The non-living components of the ecosystem; such as light/pH/water/oxygen/wind/temperature etc.

(b) Ecological factors that are specific to:

(i) Aquatic habitat

Salinity; turbidity; tidal movement; dissolved gases; density; substratum; water current.

(ii) Terrestrial habitat

Humidity; soil; topography; wind; altitude; availability of water.

(c) The relationship between grass and rabbit in a given habitat

• Grass (green plants) can photosynthesize/ manufacture its food;
• Rabbit which cannot manufacture its food feeds on grass;
• During respiratory process, rabbit gives out carbon dioxide as a waste product;
• Grass makes use of the carbon dioxide to manufacture its food;
• Grass during photosynthesis gives out oxygen as a by-product which the rabbit uses for respiration;

When a rabbit defecates/ dies, bacteria/fungi cause its decay, which forms manure that is absorbed as soil nutrients by grass.

(d) Pyramid of energy

Correct Answer: B) DNA

Explanation

The question is asking about what controls the reproduction of cells. The options are RNA, DNA, mRNA, and Mitosis. The correct answer is B, DNA. DNA is found in the nucleus of cells and it contains the genetic information that controls the characteristics of an organism. When a cell reproduces, it must first replicate its DNA so that the new cell will have the same genetic information as the original cell. This process is called DNA replication. Mitosis is the process of cell division, which is controlled by the DNA. mRNA is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where it is used to make proteins. So, while mRNA is involved in the process of protein synthesis, it does not control the reproduction of cells. Therefore, the correct answer is B, DNA.

Correct Answer: D. Habitat

Explanation

The natural place of an organism or community is known as its habitat. A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant, or other type of organism. It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds a species population.

Correct Answer: C) Xerophytes

Explanation

This question is asking about plants that can grow in places where there is very little water. These types of plants are called xerophytes. Xerophytes are adapted to dry environments and can survive in areas where the water content is low. They have special features that allow them to conserve water, such as thick waxy leaves, deep roots that can reach underground water sources, and the ability to close their stomata (tiny pores on leaves) during the day to prevent water loss. It is important to note that xerophytes are different from hydrophytes and mesophytes. Hydrophytes are plants that grow in water or in areas where the soil is constantly wet. They have special adaptations to live in these environments, such as hollow stems to help them float, and roots that can take in oxygen from the air. Mesophytes, on the other hand, are plants that grow in areas with moderate water levels, such as forests and grasslands. They do not have the same water-conserving features as xerophytes because they have more access to water. So, in summary, plants that can grow in dry land with low water content are called xerophytes. They have special features that allow them to conserve water and survive in these environments. This is different from hydrophytes, which grow in water, and mesophytes, which grow in areas with moderate water levels.

Correct Answer: D. slower rate of diffusion of oxygen to individual cells

Correct Answer: A. pisces

Correct Answer: A) organisms feed on insoluble organic material

Explanation

Saprophtism is the mode of nutrition in which certain organisms called SAPROPHYTES feed on dead or decaying organic matter.

Correct Answer: D) central nervous system

Explanation

The question is asking about the organs that make up the nervous system. The nervous system is responsible for communication throughout the body, and it is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The brain is responsible for processing information and controlling body functions, while the spinal cord is responsible for transmitting information between the brain and the rest of the body. The question presents four options to choose from, which are: automatic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, somatic nervous system, and central nervous system. The correct option is option D, which is central nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and it is responsible for processing and coordinating information throughout the body. It is important to note that the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system are two other divisions of the nervous system that work alongside the central nervous system. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions such as heart rate and digestion, while the somatic nervous system controls voluntary actions such as movement of muscles. The sympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for the body's fight or flight response to stress. In summary, the brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system, which is responsible for processing and coordinating information throughout the body. The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are other divisions of the nervous system that work alongside the central nervous system to control involuntary and voluntary actions, respectively.

Correct Answer: D. before every mitotic

Correct Answer: D) clitellunm

Explanation

Earthworms are invertebrate animals that belong to the phylum Annelida. They have a cylindrical body with many segments. In reproduction, earthworms lay their eggs in a protective structure called a cocoon. This question is asking about the location where the cocoon is produced in an earthworm's body. The four options given are prostomium, peristomium, chaeta, and clitellum. The prostomium and peristomium are parts of the earthworm's head region and are not involved in cocoon production. Chaeta refers to the bristle-like structures on the earthworm's body, which are also not involved in cocoon production. The correct answer to this question is option D, clitellum. The clitellum is a specialized glandular structure located on the earthworm's body, specifically on segments 32-37. It produces a mucus ring that slides over the body and picks up eggs from the female genital pore and sperm from the male genital pore. This mucus ring then hardens and forms a cocoon around the fertilized eggs. In summary, an earthworm's cocoon is produced in the clitellum, which is a glandular structure located on segments 32-37 of the earthworm's body. To learn more about earthworm anatomy and reproduction, please see the relevant sections of the recommended textbooks.