Correct Answer: A. cortex

Correct Answer: D. Muscle

Explanation

(a)(i) Second law of thermodynamics: This states that when there is conversion of energy from one form to another; there is always a loss/ decreases; in the amount of useful energy.

(ii) Flow of energy across different levels in a food chain

• Transfer of energy between trophic levels
• Is not 100% completely efficient
• Successive levels have less energy
• And support fewer organisms
• Primary producers/green plants have the highest energy
• When herbivores/ primary consumers feed on primary producers
• The energy level is reduced
• When carnivores/secondary consumers feed on herbivores
• The energy level is further reduced
• Part of the energy is lost as heat at each trophic level
• Not all parts of the preceding organisms are eaten by the predator/organism at the next trophic level; Energy is lost in the process of respiration/feeding/movement/metabolic active

(b)(i) Factors that can limit human populations: -

• Famine / scarcity of food
• diseases/epidemics
• increased mortality/death rate by wars /natural disasters emigration
• increase mortality - reduced natality/birth rate.

(b)(ii) Ways of overcoming the factors:

1. Famine: - Availability of food (through improved farming techniques)
2. Mechanized farming
3. improved storage facilities
4. Use of fertilizers/agro chemicals
5. Genetic engineering
6. Improved planting materials/seeds/stems etc.
7. Improved finance

Diseases:

• Health care
• Immunization
• Preventive drugs
• Improved diet
• Good sanitation.

Wars:

• Improved/enhanced communication/dialogue
• Mediation.
• Prohibition of illegal firearms
• Good governance Natural disasters
• study of the environment
• promote environmental friendly activities
• preservation of natural habitats
• Accurate and prompt forecast of disaster

Increased Mortality/death rate:

• Provision of balanced/good diet
• Good Medicare
• Adequate security
• Peaceful resolution of conflicts/prevention of wars
• Effective management of disaster

Emigration: -

1. Provide adequate food/shelter
2. Improved health/environment/sanitation
3. Urbanization/development
4. Reduced natality/Birth rate
5. Apply birth control methods
6. Legislation against abortion
7. Education/ awareness against sexual transmitted diseases (STD's):

Correct Answer: B. the cell is very active

Correct Answer: D. Producers and consumers

Correct Answer: A. Female anopheles mosquito

Correct Answer: A) Sandy soil.

Explanation

This question is asking about which type of soil allows water to rise most rapidly. The options are sandy soil, clayey soil, sandy-loam soil, and loamy soil, and the correct answer is sandy soil. Soil plays an important role in determining how water moves through it. Sandy soil has large particles with spaces in between them, which allows water to move through quickly. This is why water rises most rapidly in sandy soil. In contrast, clayey soil has very small particles that are tightly packed together, which makes it more difficult for water to move through. Sandy-loam soil and loamy soil are somewhere in between sandy soil and clayey soil in terms of particle size and the spaces between them. Understanding how different types of soil affect water movement is important for many reasons, such as agriculture, ecology, and environmental management. Knowing how water moves through soil can help farmers optimize irrigation practices, for example, or help ecologists understand how water influences plant growth and nutrient cycling. In conclusion, the correct answer to this question is sandy soil, because it has large particles with spaces in between them that allow water to move through quickly.

Correct Answer: A. digestion of protein

Correct Answer: B. grow rapidly

Correct Answer: B. pancreas