Explanation

(a) Modes of nutrition in plants:Autotrophic: Plants manufacture their food; using water from the soil; and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight.

Chemosynthetic: These plants manufacture their food; using atmospheric carbon dioxide; and energy from the breakdown of inorganic compounds.

Carnivorous: These plants in addition to photosynthesizing have special devices; for trapping and digesting insects and other small organism; to balance a deficiency in nitrogen.

(b)(i)Autotrophic: Flowering plant

(ii)Chemosynthetic: Nitorsomonas, Nitrobacter, fungi, Nitrococcus.

(iii)carnivorous: Pitcher plants, bladderwort; sundew, venus flytrap, butterwort.

(c)(i) Addition of nitrogen to soil. Decomposition of dead organic matter:

• Dead organic matter, are decomposed by putrifying bacteria; into ammonium compounds
• ammonium compounds are converted to nitrites by nitrifying bacteria, in the soil
• nitrites are converted into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria in the soil.
• Nitrogen fixation in root nodules:
• Nitrogen fixing bacteria; living in the root nodules of leguminous plants
• Convert gaseous nitrogen in the soil/atmosphere/air-spaces; into nitrates.
• During thunder storms; the energy from electrical discharge/action of lightning
• enables atmospheric nitrogen to react with oxygen to form oxides of nitrogen/nitric oxides; which dissolves in rain water to form weak nitric acid; which is washed in the soil and converted into nitrites and nitrates.

(ii) Loss of nitrogen from the soil: -

• Absorption by plant roots.
• Action of denitrifying bacteria.
• By action of leaching.

Correct Answer: C) gliding movement

Explanation

Bacterial flagella are whip-like structures that are found on the surface of bacteria and help in cell motility. This question is asking how bacterial flagella impart motility to the cell. The options given are undulating movement, rotatory movement, gliding movement, swaying movement, and looping movement. Undulating movement refers to a wavelike motion, rotatory movement refers to rotation, swaying movement refers to swinging from side to side, and looping movement refers to moving in loops. The correct answer to this question is C, gliding movement. Bacterial flagella move by a mechanism called rotary motion, but this is not how they impart motility to the cell. Rather, they help the cell move by a process called gliding movement. This is a type of movement where the cell moves smoothly over a surface without the use of flagella. It is important to understand the various types of bacterial movement, as this can help in identifying different types of bacteria. For example, some bacteria move by flagella, while others use a type of gliding movement, and some bacteria do not move at all. In conclusion, bacterial flagella impart motility to the cell by gliding movement. It is important to understand the different types of bacterial movement to identify different types of bacteria.

Correct Answer: C. cochlea

Correct Answer: D. carbon dioxide and water

Correct Answer: A. I, II and III

Correct Answer: D. Natural disasters

Explanation

Density-dependent factors are factors that affect population growth only when the population reaches a certain level, and are strongest in a large, dense population and weakest in small, scattered populations. Disease, parasitism, competition, and predation all vary with population density. Natural disasters are the one choice that are density-independent, meaning they affect all populations similarly regardless of size/density.

Correct Answer: A. replacement of the gills with lungs

Correct Answer: A. Presence of cilia

Correct Answer: C. they have low molecular weight

Correct Answer: B. Spermatozoan and ovum