Eukaryotic cells are able to modify the primary mRNA transcript in a number of different...
BIOLOGY
SAT 2021
Eukaryotic cells are able to modify the primary mRNA transcript in a number of different ways. Which of the following answer choices is an advantage of post-transcriptional modification?
- A. The primary transcript can be modified by a spliceosome, which can remove the mRNA's exons and shuffle the introns in a way that can produce multiple different protein products.
- B. The primary transcript can be modified by a spliceosome, which can remove the mRNA's introns and shuffle the exons in a way that can produce multiple different protein products.
- C. The 5' poly-A tail and 3' methyl cap help the mRNA transcript find and bind to the ribosome, and as such increase speed of translation.
- D. The 5' poly-A tail and 3' methyl cap help resist degradation of the mRNA transcript.
Correct Answer: B. The primary transcript can be modified by a spliceosome, which can remove the mRNA's introns and shuffle the exons in a way that can produce multiple different protein products.
Explanation
Post-transcriptional modification is very beneficial to eukaryotic cells, especially because spliceosomes allow for one primary mRNA transcript to code for multiple different proteins. During this modification, introns are removed from the mRNA transcript, and the exons (remaining segments of mRNA) are shuffled around into the order that creates the protein the cell needs at the moment. While the poly-A tail and methyl cap are also very useful, the poly-A tail is on the 3' end, and the methyl cap is on the 5' end.
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