Correct Answer: D. a nappe

Explanation

(b) Effects of rainfall on the distribution of vegetation in Nigeria

(1) Heavy rainfall supports tall trees in the South of Nigeria while low rainfall' supports growth of short deciduous trees in the North.

(2) High rainfall areas of over 2000mm rainfall gives rise to forest vegetation.

(3) High and continuous rainfall give rise to evergreen vegetation

(4) Areas which have rainfall between 100mm and 150mm produc3 Guinea Savanna type of vegetation

(5) Areas which have rainfall under 1000mm produce Sudan Savanna typ of vegetation

(6) Areas which have rainfall under 500mi produce Sahel Savanna type of vegetation.

(7) Areas which have rainfall that is less than 300mm produce desert vegetation

Areas with rainfall between — 2000m produce montane vegetation as clearly shown in Jos and Eastern highland.

(9) The commencement of rain marks the beginning of the growth of grasses

(10)As rain decreases northwards, density of vegetation decreases.

Characteristics of Guinea Savanna

(i) It is the largest of all vegetation belts in Nigeria

(ii) It has tall grasses

(iii) The grasses are green during rainy season and turn brown in the dry season.

(iv) The presence of few scattered trees,

(v) Trees are deciduous

(vi) Th trees have thick barks

(vii) Trees have long tap roots

(viii) Some trees have umbrella-shaped canopy

(ix) The tree form gallery forest along the river banks

(x) Tree types are: - oil palm, dum palm, shea butter, isoberlina, etc.

Correct Answer: A. Pass

Correct Answer: D. electrical industry

Correct Answer: D. a coastal plain

Correct Answer: A. indiscriminate felling of trees

Correct Answer: D. cultivating alternative plots to allow for natural regeneration

Explanation

(a) Characteristics of ocean transportation: (i) Good adaptability to cargoes of different sizes, weight and shape.

(ii) Low unit transportation cost.

(iii) Large capacity trade volume

(iv) The ships' transportation capacity is large.

(v) The port equipment and facilities are generally provided by the government.

(vi) More than 75% of the total volume of international trade is carried out through it.

(vii) Cheapest means of transport between nations.

(viii) It is used to move bulky goods from one country to another during international trade.

(b) Advantages of water transportation: (i) It covers long distances, thus linking all continents for trade purposes.

(ii) It is the cheapest means of transporting goods and services.

(iii) It carries bulky goods.

(iv) It has natural routes. It, therefore, requires little or no cost on constructions except on the harbour.

(v) Maintenance cost of the harbour is relatively low.

(vi) It is relatively safe, and therefore highly used even for movement of passengers/labour.

(vii) It can transport a wide variety of goods.

(viii) It helps in exchange of ideas and innovations.

(c) Ways in which poor transportation network can hinder economic development of a country:

(i) Poor rate of mobility: Poor transportation results in a poor rate of mobility, especially in developing countries.

(ii) Limiting industrial growth: Poor transportation limits economic development of a country as raw materials, services and finished goods are not easily transported to the points of their need.

(iii) Poor level of trade: It also leads to poor national and international trade.

(iv) It hampers diffusion of ideas and technology: This hampers the diffusion of new ideas and technology or innovations.

(v) Poor national integration: It can hinder economic growth of a country.

(vi) Inadequate exploitation of natural resources: It can limit effective exploitation of natural resources in the area, thereby hindering

the economic development of a country.

(vii) Inability to open up new lands: It can lead to inability to open up new lands for economic purposes.

Correct Answer: C. rainfall

Correct Answer: D. fragmented materials ejected by volcanoes