Correct Answer: A. Popular Participation

Correct Answer: B. fear of social stigmatization

Correct Answer: B. Indiscipline

Explanation

Indiscipline is likely to cause harm to the society. Indiscipline refers to a lack of control in the behavior of a group of people, often resulting in chaos and disorder. This can lead to a breakdown of law and order in the society, hence causing harm.

Correct Answer: A. cosmetics

Correct Answer: D. increased exploitation of the ignorant

Explanation

(a) Characteristics of democracy

i. Respect for fundamental human rights

ii. Tolerance of varied views

iii. Operation of an Impartial electoral body

iv. Decentralization of powers

v. Respect for the principled of rule of law

vi. Freedom of association and groups

vii. Popular sovereignty/majority rule

viii. Possibility of changing government

ix. Eligibility to hold office

x. Representative government

xi. Party system

xii. Popular elections

xiii. Periodic Elections

xiv. Impartial Judiciary

xv. Constitutional governance

(b) Ways by which the practice of democracy can contribute to national development

i. Democracy promotes transparency and accountability

ii. It promotes rule of law and constitutionalism

iii. it engenders peace and unity

iv. Democracy makes it possible for the opposition to be heard

v. It leads to employment generation

vi. It encourages free choice of political leaders

vii. It facilitates effective participation of citizens in governance

viii. Democracy guarantees periodic elections to ensure smooth transition of government

ix. Democracy allows people's participation in politics

x. It allows for a smooth process of political participation

Correct Answer: B. the pedestrians have already stepped on the line.

Explanation

(a) The Importance of Public Service in Nigeria;

i. It advices in the formulation of policies of government

ii. It represents government in meeting/conferences

iii. It helps in documentation and record keeping

iv. It helps in public enlightenment/education

v. It implements government policies

vi. It creates employment opportunities

vii. It conducts research for government business

viii. It ensures continuity in governance

ix. It provides essential services at cheaper rates

x. It performs delegated/legislative functions

(b) Ways Public Service can be improved;

i. Training and re-training

ii. Value re-orientation

iii. Political education

iv. Job security

v. Freedom of information

vi. press control

vii. Use of code of conduct bureau

viii. war against corruption in public places

ix. Inculcation of discipline in the public service

x. Ombudsman/public complaint commission

Correct Answer: A. confrontation

Correct Answer: D. human rights