Correct Answer: D. Compensatory mechanism

Correct Answer: A. its amendment requires two-third majority votes of the National Assembly

Correct Answer: C. presidential system of government

Correct Answer: A. empowerment

Correct Answer: A. good governance

Correct Answer: B. human trafficking

Explanation

(a)A secret cult group refers to an enclosed organized association whose membership and activities as well as mode of operations are not only done and kept in secret but are at variance with the accepted norms of society.

(b)i. By encouraging youths/students to be good citizen. ii. By exposing the activities and mode of operation of various cult groups iii. Through awareness creation about the danger of cultism iv. Through the inculcation of right attitude and values to students v. By encouraging students to form or join Anti-cultism groups.

Explanation

(a) Reasons why cultism constitutes national problems

i. It leads to increase in drop-out from school and rising unemployment

ii. It leads to loss of lives and properties

iii. It leads to fall in educational standards

iv. It leads to the spread of blood transfusion related diseases such as HIV/AIDS

v. It gives bad images to the society

vi. It breeds irresponsible citizens

vii. It erodes commitment to excellence and hardwork

viii. It increases crime rate in society

ix. It leads to value disorientation and erosion of good values in the society

x. It promotes mediocrity in the national workforce and human capital

(b) Reasons why eradication of cultism in school will promotes national development

i. It promotes positives national values

ii. It will promote the production of experts

iii. It will promote commitment to national development

iv. It encourages responsible citizenship

v. It enhance economic prosperity

vi. It promotes commitment to excellence

vii. It enhances nationalism and patriotism in society

viii. It promotes peace and order in the society

ix. It attracts investment and development projects

x. It ensures security of lives and properties

(c) Factors hindering the eradication of cultism in Nigeria school:

i. Irresponsible school administration and leadership

ii. Strong commitment to oath of membership by cultists

iii. Involvements of parents in cults activities

iv. Negative peer pressure and influence

v. General economic hardship, poverty in the society

vi. God fatherism and backing of cultist by elites or influential members of society

vii. Ignorance on the part of students, parents and school administrators

viii. Persist threat to members willings to denounce or expose cult membership and insecurity of victims

ix. Non-implementation of punishments and sanctions designed for cultists

x. Admission of expelled student due to cult activities into others school and colleges

Explanation

(a) Definition Popular Participation

-Popular participation: is a process whereby people are permitted to take part in the political system on the basis of equality

-Popular participation: refers to th active involvement of citizens in the socio-political activities of a country

-Popular participation: is a process of involvement of the citizens in the conduct of the affairs of society at different levels.

(b) Reasons for popular participation in the society

i. To take part in the management of the national resources

ii. To acquire political power

iii. To promote popular consciousness

iv. To correct the previous anomalies of government

v. To promote political awareness and education

vi. To acquire economic power

vii. To acquire public respect

viii. To foster political stability

ix. To enable people to gain socio-economic and political power

x. To fight against the ills of the society

Explanation

(a) Reasons why public service is important for the effective functioning of government

i. Ensures continuity and smooth transition of power from one political regime to another

ii. Conducts research in new area of government policies, programmes and activities

iii. Assists in preparing budget

iv. Implements policies and programmes of government

v. Performs quasi-judiciary function

vi. Provides socials service for the people

vii. Enlightens the public on government policies and programmes

viii. Assists information of policies and programmes of government

ix. Assists the government to mobilize and collect revenue, funds through taxes, rates and levies

x. Carries out delegated legislative functions on delegate legislative functions on behalf of government

(b) Ways which the public/civil service commission contributes t the effective operation of public service in Nigeria

i. Promotion of public servants

ii. Ensuring job security and protection of tenure

iii. Training of public servants for enhanced performance

iv. Monitoring and evaluation of performance of public servants

v. Posting and development of public servants to the appropriate ministries, departments

vi. Discipline of erring public servants through query, warning suspension, dismissal etc

vii. Collaborates with other governments agencies for improve service delivery

viii. Ratification of appointments and promotions into public service position