Correct Answer: B. provide vocational skills to the youths

Explanation

The major aim of youth empowerment programs is to provide vocational skills to the youths. This is because by equipping youths with vocational skills, they become self-reliant and can contribute positively to the economy.

Correct Answer: D. free and fair elections

Explanation

(a) (i) It assists in the formulation of policies/programmes of government.

(ii) It assists the government to mobilise/collect revenue/funds through taxes/rates/levies.

(iii) It collects and supplies vital information/ date on government activities and programmes.

(iv) It keeps records of government properties and transactions.

(v) It advises the political heads of government institutions such as President, Governors, Ministers, Commissioners, etc. on policymaking and implementations.

(vi) It implements policies and programmes of government.

(vii) It ensures continuity/smooth transition of power from one political regime to another.

(viii) It enlightens the public on government policies and programmes.

(ix) It carries out delegated legislative functions on behalf of the government.

(x) It provides job opportunities/employment for citizens.

(xi) It conducts research in new areas of government policies, programmes and activities.

(xii) It assists in preparing the budget. (xiii) It provides social services for the people.

(xiv) It represents the government in important fora at local, national, and international levels.

(xiv) It performs quasi-judicial functions.

(b) (i) Inadequate training facilities: The Nigerian public service lacks adequate training facilities for staff improvement of skill. They have to send many of the staff abroad for more training and some of the staff end up not returning.

(ii) Corruption: The effectiveness of the public service has been slowed down by bribery and corruption to the extent that public servants fail to perform their official duties as they look forward to bribery before carrying out their jobs.

(iii) Inconsistency of government policies: In Nigeria, a change of government many times means changes in policies.

(iv) Bureaucratic red-tapism. This refers to excessive use of formalities in the public service, which militates against its effectiveness.

(v) Tribalism: This has been the yardstick for choosing whom to employ and sack in the Nigerian public service.

(vi) Negative attitude to work: Public servants regard their job as government work that does not require any seriousness.

(vii) Political instability: Constant and regular change of top rank office holders in public service brings about constant instability of rules and regulations. This constantly leads to shortcomings in the public service.

(viii) Political interference: Different governments in power do not allow the free flow of duties due to their undue interferences which most times are only favourable to politicians.

(ix) Lack of qualified personnel: Most personnel in various public service offices either neglect their right jobs or have little or no experience with the jobs but carry out such services due to their search for greener pasture.

(x) Waste of manpower and resources: This is another form of over-staffing which leads to duplication of offices in the ministries. It is a waste of manpower and resources when the public service pays excess money for little efforts since there would be no much job for them to carry out in their various offices.

(xi) Nepotism: This is the act of public servants favouring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs.

Correct Answer: C. Planning to capture political power

Correct Answer: A. demanding the review of any act of the executive

Explanation

The legislative arm of government can check the executive by demanding the review of any act of the executive. This is part of the checks and balances system in a democratic government, where each branch of government has some measure of influence over the other branches and may choose to block procedures of the other branches.

Explanation

(a) Human rights are rights or privileges that every citizen enjoys in a country irrespective of gender, tribe or creed; they are natural, civil, political and legal. Or human rights are legal entitlements and claims which are indisputable (cannot be taken away) for the citizens of a state and which the government of a state has a responsibility to protect and guarantee.

(b) (i) Conduct of investigations into cases of human rights violations: The Nigerian government conducts, on a regular basis, exhaustive and impartial investigations into allegations of human rights violations in order to identify and bring to justice the perpetrators.

(ii) Taking all necessary measures to protect human rights defenders: The Nigerian government protects the human rights defenders in carrying out their work. This makes them be assured of effective protection against violence, retaliation, or discrimination.

(iii) Promotion of human rights through education and training: The Nigerian government embarks on the promotion of human rights through education and training. This is because human rights training and education are crucial to promoting a better understanding of human rights within a society.

(iv) Respect for the freedom of the Press: Nigerian government allows freedom of press so that human rights can be protected.

(v) Observance of fundamental freedoms and human rights: The Nigerian government does this for all Nigerians irrespective of tribe or religion.

(vi) Creation of room for impartial judiciary: It created room for impartial judiciary so as to protect the human rights of every individual in the country.

(vii) Championing the supremacy of law: It championed the supremacy and existence of law to maintain the rights of individuals.

(viii) Respect for international conventions: It has great respect for international conventions on Human Rights.

(ix) Setting up of human rights commission: It set up human rights commission, for example, Tile National Human Rights Commission of Nigeria ("the NHRC")

Correct Answer: D. HIV infection

Correct Answer: D. prevent HIV

Correct Answer: C. no stopping

Correct Answer: C. freedom of legal representation