An element X has an atomic number of 16. What is its most likely oxidation state in its binary compounds?

• A. -3
• B. -2
• C. +2
• D. +4

Which of the following substances is not a reducing agent?

• A. C
• B. CO
• C. O₂
• D. H₂

(a) What is the anhydride of each of the following acids?:

(i) H\(_2\)SO\(_4\)

(ii) HNO\(_3\)

(b) Classify each of the: following as normal salt/acid salt/basic salt/double salt

(i) Sodium hydrogentrioxocarbonate (IV)

(ii) Iron (III) chloride

(iii) Sodium ethanoate.

Which of the following compounds of tin is a strong reducing agent?

• A. SnCI₂
• B. SnCI₄
• C. SnO₂
• D. SnH₄

(a)(i) List the three types of particles present in atoms.

(ii) name the element which does not contain all the three particles in its atom. Mention the particle that is not present.

(b) Give the reason why:

(i) the relative atomic masses of some elements are not whole number;

(ii) relative atomic masses are used instead of the actual masses of atoms in grams;

(iii) metals are good conductors of electricity.

(c)(i) Name the type of bond present in the oxonium ion,

(ii) State one effect of the existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the physical properties of ethanol.

(d)(i) Explain what is meant by water of crystallization.

(ii) When 5.0g of a compound Y was heated to constant mass, 1.8g of water vapour was given off. Determine the number of molecules of water of crystallization in one molecule of Y, given that the molar mass of its anhydrous form is 160g. [H = 1, 0 = 16]

A heterogenous mixture can be defined as any mixture

• A. of a solute nd a solvent
• B. whose cmposition is uniform
• C. whose composition is not uniform
• D. formed by solids and liquids

The atom of an element X combines with aluminium (₁₃AI)?

• A. AIX₂
• B. AI₂X
• C. AI₂X₂
• D. AI₂X₃

At ordinary temperature H₂O is a liquid while H₂S is a gas. This is because H₂O has

• A. weak intermolecular forces holding its molecules together
• B. strong hydrogen bonds holding its molecules together
• C. induced dipole-induced dipole forces between its molecules
• D. ionic force between its molecules

Which of the following equations represents a redox reaction?

• A. HNO₃(aq)+NaOH(aq)→NaNO₃(aq)+H₂O(l)
• B. AgNO₃(aq)+KCl(aq)→AgCl(s)+KNO₃(aq)
• C. CaCO₃(s)→CaO(s)+CO₂(g)
• D. 2H₂S(s)+SO₂(g)→2HO₂+3S(g)

In two separate experiments, 0.36g and 0.71g of chlorine combined with a metal X to give Y and Z respectively. An analysis showed that Y and Z contain 0.20g and 0.40g of X respectively. The data above represents the law of ?

• A. multiple proportion
• B. conservation of mass
• C. constant composition
• D. reciprocal proportion