Correct Answer: A. after being exposed to sunlight

Correct Answer: D) Glycogen

Explanation

Starch granules are important storage structures found in plants, and they are equivalent to a similar type of storage structure found in animals called glycogen granules. The question is asking us to identify which of the given options is equivalent to starch granules in plants. The options are Food, Chromatin, Lysosome, Mitochondria, and Glycogen. The correct answer is option D, Glycogen. Glycogen is a type of complex carbohydrate that is stored in the liver and muscle cells of animals and is used as a source of energy when needed. It is similar to starch in structure and function, but glycogen is more highly branched, allowing for more rapid breakdown and release of glucose when needed. Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, and it is involved in the regulation of gene expression. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes used for the breakdown of cellular waste and foreign material. Mitochondria are organelles responsible for producing ATP, the main source of energy for cellular activities. In summary, starch granules in plants are equivalent to glycogen granules in animals, and option D is the correct answer to the question.

Correct Answer: C. calcium compounds

Correct Answer: B. hepatitis

Correct Answer: C. spiny leaves

Explanation

(a)Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants; manufacture/ synthesize their food/organic compounds; from carbon dioxide and water; in the presence of sunlight/solar energy; giving off oxygen as a byproduct.

(b) (i) External Factors: Light intensity/sunlight; carbon dioxide concentration; temperature; pollution; water

(ii) Internal factors: Hormones; chlorophyll/presence of ehiorophyll/ebloroplast; enzymes; number/state of stomata

(c)(i) Major products of light-dependent stage of photosynthesis: - ATP (Adenosine triophosphate)/energy, -H+ (Hydrogen ion), - OH- (Hydroxyl ion), - NADPH2 (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), - 0² (oxygen gas).

(ii) Importance of the products: -ATP to generate energy for the dark stage reaction, - 2H+ NADP→ NADPH2, - 0H- (Hydroxyl ion)→ H2O, O2 gas, NADPH2 - to generate hydrogen ions/to reduce carbon dioxide /C02 to form carbohydrate in the dark stage; - 02 - given off into the atmosphere for animals/other organisms to use for respiration.

(d) (i) Why green plants are absent at the lower depth of some lakes:Light intensity decreases with depth in water bodies; so at certain depths in water, there is no light for photosynthesis to occur.

(ii) Importance of decomposers to flowering plants:Decomposers (fungi/bacteria) break down dead organic matter; and release the nutrients in them; 002 in the soil/water/environment; which is absorbed by plants for growth.

Correct Answer: C. cycling of nutrients

Correct Answer: C) Binary Fission

Explanation

The question is asking about the method of reproduction that is common in two organisms, Paramecium and Amoeba. The options are Conjugation, Sexual reproduction, Binary Fission, and Budding. Conjugation is a type of reproduction in which two unicellular organisms exchange genetic material. Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves the fusion of gametes from two parents, resulting in offspring with genetic variation. Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from an outgrowth of the parent organism. Binary Fission, the correct answer, is a type of asexual reproduction in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This is the common method of reproduction in both Paramecium and Amoeba. During binary fission, the parent cell duplicates its genetic material and then splits into two identical daughter cells. Overall, the correct answer to this question is option C: Binary Fission. It is important to understand the different methods of reproduction in unicellular organisms such as Paramecium and Amoeba.

Correct Answer: D) mammal

Explanation

The question is asking which group of animals has a characteristic movement of the diaphragm during gaseous exchange. The options are insect, fish, toad, mammal, and plants. The correct answer is D, mammal. Mammals are warm-blooded animals that use lungs to breathe. The diaphragm is a muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, creating more space in the chest cavity and allowing air to rush into the lungs. During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, pushing air out of the lungs. This movement of the diaphragm is characteristic of gaseous exchange in mammals, which makes option D the correct answer. Insects, fish, and toads have other methods of gaseous exchange that do not involve the diaphragm. Understanding the movement of the diaphragm during gaseous exchange is important in studying the respiratory system of mammals. It is also important to note that different animals have different respiratory systems and adaptations for survival in their respective environments. To learn more about this, please read the relevant sections of the recommended textbooks.

Correct Answer: D. first lower molar and last upper premolar

Explanation

In the Carnivora, the carnassials are the modified last upper premolar and the first molar.