Correct Answer: C. All living cells

Correct Answer: B. I and II

Explanation

Glucose and fructose are monomeric saccharides, or monosaccharides. The carbon to hydrogen to oxygen (C:H:O) ratio exists in a 1:2:1 pattern indicative of a monomeric saccharide. The molecular formula of glucose and fructose is C6H12O6. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose.

Correct Answer: C. two bladders

Correct Answer: A. petroleum

Correct Answer: B. female Anopheles mosquito

Explanation

(a)Organic evolution is a sum total of adaptive changes from pre-existing or old forms which have taken place over a long time and which result in diversity of form, structure, and functions among organisms.

(b) (i) Larmack contributed greatly to organic evolution as he brought great changes in environment resulting 'in a corresponding changes in the species. These changes cause the organism to form new structures or habits to adjust to the new or prevailing environment. The organism then develop specialised characters by use and dis-use of organs which when frequently used become well developed while the ones not used degenerate and become atrophied/useless/vestigial. The well developed or dominant acquired characters are inheritable.

(ii) Darwin in his contribution to organic evolution postulated that species have abilities to produce large number of offspring into the environment with limited resources, thus leading to competition by these offspring. The survivors which must have inherited the useful traits then reproduce and pass on these good traits to their offspring. Those that could not survive the struggle die off or are eliminated. This phenomenon is often referred to as the survival of the fittest/natural selection. There is great variability with population as this process continues through many generations while the population gradually becomes better adapted to the environment. This gives rise to the origin of new species.

(c) Evidences of organic evolution are:

(i) Geological /fossil records/palaeontology/archeological/ historical records,

(ii) Geographical distribution

(iii) Comparative anatomy/ structure

(iv) Embryology

(v) Vestigial organs

(vi) mesticated organism.

(d) (I) Mutation brings about sudden appearance of distinct trait or character in large population of organism due to minor change or alteration in the gene or chromosome. Mutation can only be inherited when it occurs in the gene or gametes leading to production and perpetuation of new species. Mutation elsewhere in the body can not be passed on or inherited.

(ii) The role of isolation in the formation of new species is that if members of a specie are separated into two or more populations by natural barriers like desert, mountains, oceans, rivers, continental drift, etc for a long period, their genes may change to the extent that they cannot interbreed again to produce viable offspring; and the population thereby may have produced new species.

Correct Answer: B) Mesophyll

Explanation

This Biology question is asking which internal tissues make up a leaf. The options are Cuticle, Mesophyll, Vascular tissue, and Lower epidermis. The correct answer is Option B: Mesophyll. The mesophyll is the main internal tissue of a leaf. It is made up of two types of cells: the palisade and spongy cells. The palisade cells are located towards the top of the leaf and are responsible for most of the photosynthesis that occurs in the leaf. The spongy cells are located towards the bottom of the leaf and are responsible for gas exchange. Option A, Cuticle, is the waxy layer on the outside of the leaf that helps to prevent water loss. Option C, Vascular tissue, refers to the xylem and phloem within the leaf that transport water and nutrients. Option D, Lower epidermis, is the layer of cells on the bottom of the leaf that contains stomata, which are responsible for gas exchange. Understanding the different tissues within a leaf is important in understanding how photosynthesis occurs. For more information on this topic, please refer to your Biology textbook.

Correct Answer: B. I and III

Correct Answer: B. long, narrow tubes placed end to end

Correct Answer: D. Liver