(a) List four modes of transportation. (b) Outline five reasons for the construction of railways...

Explanation

(a) List Modes of Transportation: -Road/land -Railway -Water-Air -Pipeline -Ropeway/cable/metro line -Man/human portage -Animals/ beast of burden, e.g donkey, horse, etc.

(b) Outline Reasons for the Construction of Railways in Developing Countries:-Linking important cities/regions -Movement of people -Movement of goods and services -Useful in times of emergencies -For ease of administration -Access to natural resources Promote major crop production in the interior -To promote inter-regional trade -Ease postal services -Increased industrial development -Employment opportunities-Promotion of tourism -Cheap mode of transport -Opening up of new lands/areas -Growth of town settlements/towns-National integration -Facilitates international trade -Generation of revenue -Diffusion of ideas and innovations -income to workers -Linkages between areas of production and consumption -Improved standard of living-Stimulates other sector of the economy.

(c) highlight Measures that can be taken to improve Rail Transportation in Developing Countries: -Acquiring modern trains -Training and retraining of personnel -improved service delivery -Construction of more railway lines/extension of rail network-Regular servicing/maintenance of rail facilities -Provision of adequate capital for various sectors -Improved management practices -Use of tunnels/embankments -Increased patronage/subsidy -Construction of multiple tracks -Local fabrication of spare parts Construction of broad standard gauges-Adoption of uniform gauges-improved technology -Improved Communication system/signals -Linkage with other mode of transportation -Channelization of floodwater off rail tracks-Provision of adequate capital/adequate budgetary allocation -Continuity of government policies/political will -Efficient security-Importation of spare parts.