Which of the following statements is most consistent with the principles of Darwinian evolution?
Which of the following statements is most consistent with the principles of Darwinian evolution?
- A. As random genetic mutations arise within an organism's genetic code, those that best allow an organism to survive and reproduce will be preserved and passed on to future generations.
- B. Organisms can acquire characteristics during their lifetime that they pass on to their offspring.
- C. The better suited to its environment and organism is, the longer it will live.
- D. As random genetic mutations arise within an organism's genetic code, those that allow an organism to be the fastest and strongest will be preserved and passed on to future generations.
Correct Answer: A. As random genetic mutations arise within an organism's genetic code, those that best allow an organism to survive and reproduce will be preserved and passed on to future generations.
Explanation
Darwinian evolution is often summarized as survival of the fittest but this does not necessarily mean fit in terms of being strong or athletic. Fitness in Darwinian terms describes the ability to survive to reproductive age and pass on genetic material to offspring. Random genetic mutations that contribute to this ability will be preserved and passed on to future generations. Darwinian fitness is typically measured by number of offspring that survive to reproductive age. While a fit organism will survive long enough to reproduce, life span alone doesn't define Darwinian fitness, nor does speed of evolution. The concept of passing on traits acquired during the lifetime is consistent with Lamarckian evolution, which is less commonly accepted than Darwin's principles.