Which of the following diseases is caused by deficiency of insulin in the body?

Explanation

This question is asking which disease is caused by a deficiency of insulin in the body. The correct answer is Option B: diabetes mellitus. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose (sugar) levels in the blood. Without enough insulin, the body cannot properly use or store glucose, leading to high blood sugar levels and a variety of health problems. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that affects how the body processes glucose. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune reaction that destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, leading to a complete deficiency of the hormone. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is caused by a combination of insulin resistance (where the body's cells become less responsive to insulin) and a relative deficiency of insulin production. Symptoms of diabetes mellitus can include increased thirst and hunger, frequent urination, blurred vision, fatigue, and slow healing of wounds. Treatment typically involves lifestyle changes (such as a healthy diet and regular exercise) and, in some cases, medications like insulin injections or oral hypoglycemic agents. To learn more about diabetes mellitus, its causes, symptoms, and treatment, please read the relevant sections of your recommended Biology textbook.