POST UTME Futo Biology Past Questions And Answers
Movement of substance across cell' membrane is controlled by the
- A) size of permeating particle
- B) permeability of membrane
- C) membrane proteins
- D) size of permeating particle and membrane proteins
Correct Answer: B) permeability of membrane
Explanation
The question is asking about how substances move across the cell membrane and which factor controls this movement. The options provide different factors that could affect substance movement, and we need to choose the correct one. The cell membrane is a thin layer of molecules that surrounds the cell and separates the inside from the outside. It is a selectively permeable membrane, which means that it allows some substances to pass through while blocking others. The movement of substances across the cell membrane is crucial for the cell to function properly. The options given are the size of permeating particle, permeability of membrane, membrane proteins, size of permeating particle and membrane proteins, and all. The size of the particle and the presence of membrane proteins can affect substance movement, but the correct answer is the permeability of the membrane. Permeability refers to how easily a substance can pass through the membrane. A highly permeable membrane allows many substances to pass through, while a low permeability membrane restricts movement. The permeability of the cell membrane is controlled by the structure and composition of the membrane itself. In summary, the correct answer to the question is option B: permeability of membrane. This means that the ease with which substances pass through the cell membrane is determined by the permeability of the membrane. To learn more about this, please read the relevant sections of the recommended textbooks.
One disease NOT caused directly by bacteria is
- A) malaria
- B) tuberculosis
- C) pneumonia
- D) tetanus
Correct Answer: A) malaria
Explanation
There are different types of microorganisms that can cause diseases in humans. One of these types is bacteria. However, there are some diseases that are not caused directly by bacteria. The question is asking us to identify one of these diseases from the given options. Option A is malaria, which is a parasitic disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite. This means that malaria is not caused directly by bacteria, but by another type of microorganism called a parasite. Malaria is transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes and can cause symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain. Option B is tuberculosis, which is a bacterial disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. Therefore, this option is not the correct answer to the question. Option C is pneumonia, which is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by different types of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. While some cases of pneumonia are caused by bacteria, not all cases are. Therefore, this option could be a possible answer to the question. Option D is tetanus, which is a bacterial disease caused by the Clostridium tetani bacterium. Therefore, this option is not the correct answer to the question. Option E is cholera, which is a bacterial disease caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium. This means that cholera is caused directly by bacteria and is not the answer to the question. In summary, the correct answer to the question is Option A, malaria, because it is a parasitic disease and not caused directly by bacteria. It is important to note that there are different types of microorganisms that can cause diseases in humans, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Which of these types of skeleton is most appropriate to the cockroach?
- A) Hyrostatic skeleton
- B) Exoskeleton
- C) Endoskeleton
- D) Cartilaginous skeleton
Correct Answer: B) Exoskeleton
Explanation
The question is asking which type of skeleton is most appropriate for a cockroach. The options are hyrostatic, exoskeleton, endoskeleton, cartilaginous, and bonny skeleton. A skeleton is a framework that provides support and shape for an organism's body. The cockroach has an exoskeleton, which is a hard, protective outer covering that encases its body. This exoskeleton is made up of a tough material called chitin, which provides protection against predators and environmental factors. Hyrostatic skeletons, such as those found in worms, use fluid pressure to provide support and allow for movement. Endoskeletons, such as those found in humans, are internal skeletons that provide support for the body. Cartilaginous skeletons, such as those found in sharks, are made up of cartilage and provide support and flexibility. Bonny skeletons are not a type of skeleton, so option E is incorrect. Therefore, the most appropriate type of skeleton for a cockroach is an exoskeleton, which provides protection and support for the insect's body. Option B is the correct answer.
A feature which adopts birds to flight is the possession of
- A) scaly legs
- B) light bones
- C) two walking legs
- D) a pointed beak comb
Correct Answer: B) light bones
Explanation
Heavy bones makes your body heavy thereby reduce FLIGHT but light bony makes your body free thereby increasing FLIGHT.
The cilia in paramecium are used for ______
- A) respirating
- B) locomotion
- C) protection
- D) regulating food in-take
Correct Answer: B) locomotion
Explanation
Cilia is hair-like material used for movement/locomotion in paramecium.
The basic point of impact by changes which produce mutation is the
- A) gametes
- B) chromosomes
- C) phenotype
- D) zygote
Correct Answer: B) chromosomes
Explanation
The question is asking where mutations occur in an organism. Mutations are changes in the genetic material of an organism, and they can happen spontaneously or as a result of exposure to certain environmental factors such as radiation or chemicals. The question provides four options to choose from, and we are asked to select the basic point of impact by changes which produce mutation. The first option is gametes. Gametes are the reproductive cells of an organism, such as sperm and egg cells in animals and pollen and ovules in plants. Mutations that occur in gametes can be passed on to the next generation and can lead to genetic disorders or variations. The second option is chromosomes, which is the correct answer. Chromosomes are thread-like structures that contain the genetic material of an organism in the form of DNA. Mutations can occur in the DNA of chromosomes and can lead to changes in the traits of an organism. Chromosomal mutations can result in genetic disorders such as Down Syndrome. The third option is phenotype. Phenotype refers to the physical and observable characteristics of an organism, such as its height, eye color, or behavior. Mutations that affect phenotype can result in variations in traits, but they do not occur at the basic point of impact. The fourth option is zygote. A zygote is a fertilized egg cell that contains the genetic material from both parents. Mutations can occur in the DNA of a zygote, but they do not occur at the basic point of impact. Therefore, the correct answer to this question is option B, chromosomes. Mutations occur in the DNA of chromosomes and can lead to changes in the traits of an organism.
Open circulatory is found in
- A) rat
- B) bird
- C) toad
- D) insect
Correct Answer: D) insect
Explanation
Open circulatory system is a type of circulatory system where blood is not enclosed within blood vessels. This type of circulatory system is found in some invertebrates such as insects. Therefore, the correct option is D - insect. Insects have an open circulatory system where the heart pumps blood into the body cavity, and it eventually returns to the heart. Unlike insects, mammals such as rats have a closed circulatory system where blood is enclosed within blood vessels. Birds and fish also have a closed circulatory system. Toads have a double circulatory system, which is neither open nor closed.
A few drops of Fehlings was added to Juice extract from fresh maize grain and boiled. A red precipitate was formed, indicating the presence of
- A) alcohol
- B) protein
- C) non reducing sugar
- D) reducing sugar
Correct Answer: D) reducing sugar
Explanation
In this question, we are given information about a test carried out on juice extract from fresh maize grain. Fehling's solution was added to the extract and boiled. A red precipitate was formed during the test, which indicates the presence of a particular substance in the extract. We are then given five options to choose from, which are alcohol, protein, non-reducing sugar, starch, and reducing sugar. The correct answer in this case is reducing sugar, which means that the extract contained a type of sugar that can be oxidized by Fehling's solution. Reducing sugars are those that can donate electrons to another chemical, such as Fehling's solution, in a chemical reaction. This causes a change in the color of the solution and the formation of a precipitate, which can be used to detect the presence of reducing sugars in a sample. It is important for students to understand the difference between reducing and non-reducing sugars, as well as the properties and functions of different types of sugars in biology. This knowledge can be useful in many areas, such as food science, biochemistry, and genetics. To learn more about this topic, students can refer to their recommended textbooks or online resources that provide more detailed explanations and examples of sugar tests and their applications.
All living things
- A) photosynthesize
- B) respire
- C) move
- D) transpire
Correct Answer: B) respire
Explanation
This question is asking which of the given options is a characteristic of all living things. The options are photosynthesize, respire, move, transpire, and feed. Out of all the options given, the correct answer is B: respire. This means that all living things undergo respiration. Respiration is the process by which living things convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. It is a vital process that all living things, from unicellular organisms to complex organisms like humans, undergo. Although not the correct answer, it is also worth noting that photosynthesis is a process that is unique to plants, algae, and some bacteria. It is the process by which these organisms use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. As for the other options, movement is a characteristic of some living things, like animals, but not all. Transpiration is a process that is unique to plants, where water is lost through small pores on their leaves. Feeding is also a characteristic of living things, but not all living things feed in the same way. Some, like plants, use photosynthesis to produce their own food, while others, like animals, consume other organisms for food. In summary, the correct answer to this question is B: respire, as all living things undergo respiration to produce energy.
Movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from a weaker solution to a stronger solution is known as
- A) transpiration
- B) Diffusion
- C) active transport
- D) osmosis
Correct Answer: D) osmosis
Explanation
This Biology question is talking about the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a weaker solution to a stronger solution. This process is known as osmosis. Osmosis is a type of passive transport where molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.In this case, the water molecules move from an area of weaker concentration (the solution with less solutes) to an area of stronger concentration (the solution with more solutes) until both solu