Explanation

Richard is the protagonist of the novel who at an early age recognizes the threat in any environment that can subjugate him and learns to flee from such. Aunt Addie is Richard's aunt - the younger sister of his mother. Before their meeting, Richard and paralyzed mother had been living with Grandpa and Granny in Jackson Town. Richard has just come back from Greenwood. His return coincides with Aunt Addie's from a missionary school having trained as a teacher.

The fact that Richard has just returned from Uncle Clark who would have helped in his upbringing is no good news to anybody least of all, Aunt Addie. She has had a strict missionary training and believes that Richard is the 'black sheep' of the family and should be enrolled in a religious school.

This bias therefore trails him to the strict religious school where Aunt Addie is the sole teacher. Richard takes exception to Aunt Addie's method of teaching and this affects their relationship. Not realizing the horrible experiences of Richard, who has become hardened at age twelve, Aunt Addie makes the mistake of thinking that she is dealing with a child and bases their relationship on that premise. Richard feels it inappropriate that he is being forced into the same class with pupils ranging from ages five to nineteen.

Aunt Addie picks so much on Richard in the class to the extent that she gives him a thorough beating over an offence he has not committed Aunt Addie's amateurish approach to teaching makes her a nervous, self-conscious teacher. She sees her blood relation - Richard - as a lost soul and this creates bitterness and antagonism between them. Aunt Addie sees Richard as a burden to the family and feels that he should be grateful for having the family's passion in feeding him. Richard retaliates to Aunt Addie's continuation of the 'disciplining' at home, and fights her with a knife: "Aunt Addie took her defeat hard ... she has descended to my own emotional level in her effort to rule me and my respect for her sank..."

Richard abhors the indoctrination and brutal games which the pupils are subjected to and stops studying since "wait Addie (the teacher) would ignore him in class. She finds pleasure in laughing at Richard as he bleeds after hurting himself in the 'brutal' pop-the-whip game in the school. Richard is emotionally hurt. "Aunt Addie was laughing, the first and only time I ever saw her laugh on God's holy round". Nothing makes Richard develop a cordial relationship with Aunt Addie, not even the "all night" prayer sessions in 'Granny's church. When Richard responds to his yearnings and aspirations by writing the story "The Voodoo of Hell's Half-Acre" like the whites, Aunt Addie castigates him. Like Granny, Aunt Addie gives Richard up for lost and becomes very hostile ordering him around.

Their relationship would not have been so unhealthy had Aunt Addie taken Richard's problem, (especially hunger), experiences and feelings into consideration. Nothing makes Richard develop a cordial relationship with Aunt Addie, not even the "all night" prayer sessions in '..granny's church. When Richard responds to his yearnings and aspirations by writing the story "The Voodoo of Hell's Half-Acre" like the whites, Aunt Addie castigates him. Like Granny, Aunt Addie gives Richard up for lost and becomes very hostile ordering him around. Their relationship would not have been so unhealthy had Aunt Addie taken Richard's problem, (especially hunger), experiences and feelings into consideration.

Explanation

Ralph plays a dominant role that is inevitably crucial to the development of the plot.

He is the first among the boys to emerge from the creepers. When he finds the conch and is taught how to use it by Piggy, he blows it and its sound attracts and draws the other boys to where he and Piggy are. There and then he beings to exercise some form of authority over the boys by assuring that it is only he who has the conch that has permission to speak.

Next he initiates the democratic process of electing the leader and is thus elected when he squarely beats Jack in the leadership contest. As a practical expression of his leadership, he leads the delegation that explores the island and reveals that they are probably the only inhabitants on the island.

As a leader who takes action, he beings to work out the strategy for their survival on the island and their eventual rescue in eranest. This he does by wisely relying on Piggy's exceptional intelligence. And so he assures the other boys that his father, a naval officer, will come to the rescue as soon as possible, ... he's commander of the navy. When he gets leave, he'll come and rescue us, he says. In this regard, he suggests that they make a fire that will raise somke to attract rescuers.

In spite of Jack's antagonism to his leadership!, Ralph remains cool-headed and does all he can to run an inclusive administration by conceding the choir boys' leadership to Jack so that he can come on board. Rather than use brute force like Jack, he pursues the peaceful option and places the unity of all the boys over and above all other considerations.

As a caring leader, he courageously defends Piggy as much as he can against the unwarranted brutality of Jack. He grieves deeply when Simon's life is abruptly cut short and painfully mourns when Piggy's life is untimely terminated. As a good leader, he never wavers even when he is virtually deserted by all the boys. And when he is constrained to fight for dear life, he does so bravely and tenaciously thwarts the sinister attempts put together by Jack to kill him. As the hero in the novel, Ralph's fighting spirit eventually pays off. As the author's embodiment of civilization and acceptable leadership, he lives on while Jack, the antagonist, is consumed by the uncontrollable inferno he wickedly raises. He is thus able to respond proudly and loudly, I am to the rescuing naval officer's question: Who's the boss here?

Correct Answer: C. Piggy

Correct Answer: A. Duke

Explanation

Candidates are expected to discuss the following points:

i. Mama and Beneatha as mother and daughter.

ii. Mama as matriarch of the house; Beneatha still in college.

iii. Mama’s loving nature though firm; Beneatha youthful and fun-loving.

iv. Mama being representative of the older generation, Beneatha the younger generation.

v. Mama tolerant and accommodating; Beneatha inconsiderate and intolerant.

Correct Answer: C. a schemer

Correct Answer: A. their exile to the island

Correct Answer: D. himself

Correct Answer: D. Ode

Correct Answer: A. appeals to the senses