Correct Answer: C. organizing general elections

Explanation

Party members in each branch suggest ideas for party policies. They help choose, or pre-select, party candidates for local, state and federal elections. They also assist with election campaigns, distribute 'how to vote' cards on Election Day, and help scrutinise the counting of votes.

Correct Answer: D. Clifford Constitution

Correct Answer: B. people

Explanation

(i) Manipulation of the constitution to suit the selfish interest of the executive instead of the national interest.

(ii) Ineffective control of delegated legislation.

(iii) Interference with the independence of the judiciary.

(iv) Inability of the legislature to check the excesses of the executive.

(v) Flouting of decisions of the judiciary by the executive and the legislature.

(vi) Disrespect for Fundamental Human Rights by government and its agents.

(vii) Limitation of the rights and freedom of citizens by government during emergency periods.

(viii) Undue delay of trials of suspects by government.

(ix) Social and political discrimination by government e.g. religion, ethnicity, gender, etc.

(x) Misuse of Para-military organizations.

(xi) Establishment of special tribunals and extra judicial bodies.

(xii) Failure to give adequate publicity to laws.

(xiii) By making retrospective legislation or backdated laws.

(xiv) If accused persons are denied defence lawyers, especially of their own choice.

(xv) Denial of right of appeal.

(xvi) Engagement of secret trials of suspects.

Explanation

Merits of the Clifford Constitution of 1922 in Nigeria are:

(a)(i) The constitution introduced elective principles which for the first time allowed Nigerians to elect their representatives to the legislative council

(ii) It paved way for the formation of political parties in Nigeria.

(iii) More Africans were allowed into the legislative council.

(iv) It was the first written constitution for Nigeria.

(v) It established a constitutional government in Nigeria as opposed to government by statutory instrument or orders.

(vi) It increased political awareness through political education during political campaigns.

(vii) It enhanced greater political participation by means of political party membership etc.

(viii) It laid the foundation for Nigeria self-government.

(ix) The constitution later generated political controversies, which helped to increase the tempo of Nationalism in Nigeria. This led to its revision in subsequent constitutions.

(b)(i)The British still dominated the Legislative Council.

(ii) Majority of the members of the Legislative Council were nominated, not elected.

(iii) The Executive Council was made up of officials to the exclusion of Nigerians.

(iv) The application of the elective principle was limited to Lagos and Calabar.

(v) The Constitution limited its jurisdiction only to the Southern provisions.

(vi)The Governor was vested with veto and reserved powers.

(vii) The franchise was tied to wealth of N200 (One hundred pounds) and residing in Lagos or Calabar.

Correct Answer: D. Association

Correct Answer: A. the majority and the protection of the minority

Explanation

Democracy is a system of rule by laws, not individuals. In a democracy, the rule of law protects the rights of citizens, maintains order, and limits the power of government. All citizens are equal under the law. No one may be discriminated against on the basis of their race, religion, ethnic group, or gender. A democratic government is one which is chosen by the majority (through elections) and protects the minority

Correct Answer: B. ensure democratic governance

Correct Answer: D. Switzerland

Explanation

Switzerland operates a direct democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens have the right to vote on every issue that affects them, rather than their elected representatives making those decisions. This is different from a representative democracy, where citizens elect representatives who make decisions on their behalf, which is the system used in the United Kingdom, United States, and Russia.

Correct Answer: D. multiple tiers of government