Correct Answer: B. promotes unity

Explanation

Merits of one-party system:

(1) It helps in the establishment of stable administration which further helps in the progress of the country. The progress of the Soviet Union is a glaring example in this regard.

(2) In this system, formation and execution of long-term planning is possible.

(3) The country achieves remarkable economic progress as the Government ends the conflicts among all the classes and it devotes its entire energy, towards the increase of production in the country.

(4) The administration becomes efficient because all the powers are concentrated in the hands of one leader and there favouritism, nepotism and black-marketing are banished altogether.

(5) There is a unity and discipline in the country.

(6) Time is not wasted in unnecessary criticism and propaganda.

Correct Answer: A. NYM

Correct Answer: D. the rules guiding the affairs of an institution of society

Correct Answer: D. lobbying

Explanation

Pressure groups are organisations which seek to influence the policies of the government and this process is known as lobbying.

Correct Answer: B. choose freely between alternatives

Correct Answer: B. the general principles of a states international behaviour

Correct Answer: C. cooperation among African States

Correct Answer: C. executive

Explanation

Factors that hinder the successful operation of democracy in Nigeria are:

(i) The electoral commission is not independent of the executive and the legislature.

(ii) The rate of illiteracy and ignorance is high among the people.

(iii) The concept of democracy is wrongly interpreted or misunderstood.

(iv) The judiciary is not independent and impartial in deciding election cases and petitions.

(v) Existence of ethnic rivalry among Nigerian groups especially before and during elections.

(vi) Constant military intervention in Nigerian politics.

(vii) Failure of the elected representative to represent the interests of the people.

(viii) Political parties' constant and regular interference in the government of the day.

(ix)The presence of opposition group that may produce political instability in the system.

(x) Lack of press freedom to disseminate information to the people and its failure to expose electoral malpractices or fraud.

(xi) Unhealthy rivalry among politicians to win the election at all costs.

(xii) The aftermath of rigging in elections which deprives the electorate of the choice of a credible candidate.

(xiii) Undue interference in the work of the electoral commission by politicians who are self-seeking).

Explanation

(a)Methods used by the pre-colonial chiefs of a country to control their subjects are:

(i) Laws, rules and regulations were used to control their subjects.

(ii) Settlement of disputes: The traditional rulers performed some judicial functions by settling disputes.

(iii) Law enforcement: Law enforcement institutions were created e.g. Age grades, masquerades, etc.

(iv) The use of ancestral spirits.

(v) Appointment of minor chiefs.

(vi) Rewards: People who have contributed to the development of their areas were rewarded with titles or distribution of land and war booty.

(vii) Customs/taboos and conventions were used to control their subjects.

(viii) Sanction and punishments were applied against law breakers e.g. banishment.

(ix) Oath taking was used to control the subjects.