Explanation

(a)A state is defined as a politically organised body of people occupying a definite geographical territory, living under a government, entirely or almost entirely free from external control and competent to secure habitual obedience from persons within it.

(b) The Features of a State:

(i) A definite territory: A state must possess a definite territory which can be large or small.

(ii) Population: For a state to exist, there must be a given number of people that occupy it. This number has neither minimum nor maximum.

(iii) Government: A state must have a machinery called government that will steer its affairs.

(iv) Sovereignty and independence: A state must have supreme power to enable it make and enforce laws and it must be free from external control.

(v) A state must be recognised both internally and externally.

(vi)A state is permanent as much as possible.

Correct Answer: A. parliamentary control

Explanation

(a) Simple plurality system is an electoral system in which the candidate with the highest number of votes even though he may not have secured the majority of the votes is declared the winner of the election. It is also called the first-past-the-post system. It is common in the commonwealth countries and United, States of America.

(b) The repeated ballot is an electoral system in which voters vote continuously with intervals for discussions and negotiations until a winner emerges. A typical example is when a new pope is to be elected by a body of cardinals. The system is used in nominating the American presidential candidate at the party's convention/primary.

(c) The second ballot is an electoral system in which the two candidates who secured the highest number of votes are made to face the electorate at a later date. Voters who supported the less successful candidates are able to switch their support to either of the two leading candidates until a candidate secures the majority votes and wins. It is also known as " run-off.-election".

(d) The alternative vote is another electoral system designed to secure majority representation of the electorate. Under the system, voters are issued ballot papers in which they must indicate their preferences in order of importance, by marking 1, 2, 3, etc. The candidates with the least preference are repeatedly knocked out until a winner emerges.

Correct Answer: A. UPP

Correct Answer: A. President Olusegun Obasanjo

Correct Answer: A. prohibited

Correct Answer: D. Gabriel Almond

Explanation

The term political culture was brought into political science to promote the American political system. The concept was used by Gabriel Almond in the late 50s, and outlined in The Civic Culture (1963, Almond & Verba), but was soon opposed by two European political scientists, Gerhard Lehmbruch and Arend Lijphart.

Correct Answer: B. collective responsibility

Correct Answer: C. investigate human rights abuses during the military rule

Correct Answer: B. legitimate right to be obeyed