Explanation

(a) Military rule is a form of unconstitutional administration of a state or country by members of the armed forces based on martial laws (Decrees and Edicts) after successfully overthrowing the government of that state or country.

(b) People reject military rule because of the following reasons:

(i) By the training of the Armed Forces they are not meant to rule. Its primary function is to protect the state from external attacks.

(ii) Military rule is characterized by corruption, tribalism, sectionalism, nepotism.

(iii) Military government is undemocratic and unconstitutional. It comes in by force of arms.

(iv) Under Military rule, there is no accountability to the people because the people did not elect them in the first place.

(v) In the process of state and local government creation military rule often brings confusion in the country through arbitrary alterations of boundaries.

(vi) Military rule frustrates all efforts at establishing democratic government.

(vii) Military rule is autocratic e.g. ruling by Decrees and Edicts

(viii) It usually leads to personality conflicts and sectional rivalry within the armed forces.

(ix)The system undermines the judicial power because of the establishment of tribunals.

(x) Suspension of the constitution allows the fundamental human rights to be abused.

(xi) It curtails the freedom of expression and the press as every opposition or even contrary views are crushed.

Correct Answer: A. assimilation

Explanation

The policy of assimilation was the official colonial policy of the French administration in West Africa. The system involved the imposition of French culture on West African culture. It was meant to substitute the culture, language, religion, law, mode of dressing, etc. of the people of West Africa with that of the French people.

Correct Answer: D. independent of other institutions of government

Explanation

An independent electoral commission ensures the conduct of free, fair and credible elections

Explanation

(i) It serves as an instrument for public education/enlightens the masses

(ii) It is an agent of political socialization

(iii) It moulds public opinion

(iv) It keeps the government in check to ensure good governance

(v) It exposes the ills in the society

(vi) It provides employment opportunities for the people

Correct Answer: B. Inadequate personnel

Explanation

some of the problems of electoral commission - Electoral malpractices - Undue criticism from political parties - Undue political interference - Registering unqualified voters - Financial problems

Correct Answer: D. Madawaki

Correct Answer: B. people

Explanation

Popular sovereignty is the principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who is the source of all political power.

Correct Answer: C. recall

Correct Answer: B. tendency towards secession

Explanation

Achievements of Military Governments in Nigeria:

(i)Breaking up of the Country into parts: This was prevented by the military during the civil war.

(ii)Creation of Local Government Councils and States:For example States were created in 1976, 19 States were equally created in 1976, etc. Local government councils were also created in the country.

(iii)Development of infrastructure: More institutions of learning were set up. Construction of more roads and airports across the country was embarked upon.

(iv)Regional Co-operations:The military played a crucial role in this aspect. For instance, it was General Gowon's administration with that of Eyadema of Togo which were instrumental to the establishment of ECOWAS.

(v) Mass Oriented Programmes e.g. NDE, OFN, DFRRI, etc, were some of the programmes established by the military.

(vi)Nigerian foreign policy: A different posture was adopted. Nigeria was now seen as a frontline state because of its leading role in the fight against apartheid and colonialism in Africa.

(vii)Reforms: Reforms were made in the affairs of local government administration in 1976 and 1990.

(viii)National Integration:The military introduced the NYSC, Quota system, federal government schools, etc, in order to promote national integration within the system.

(ix)New Currency: The military introduced a new currency in 1973 leading to a shift from pound sterling to Naira and Kobo.

(x)New Capital territory: It made Abuja to replace Lagos as the new Federal Capita Territory.

(xi) The military also launched U.PE programme, made desperate efforts to return the country to civil rule and promulgated indianization decree, etc).