Correct Answer: C. no provision was made for the office of the prime minister

Explanation

Functions of concurrent in a federation.

(a)Concurrent functions are the list of functions in a federal constitution whereby both federating units and central government can legislate and execute independently.

(b) Five features of a confederal system of government:

(i) It has a very weak center.

(ii) The confederating units are nearly autonomous.

(iii) Secession of any component unit is allowed.

(iv) It allows component units to develop at their own pace

(v) Citizens' allegiance is more to the component units than to the confederacy.

(vi) Individual units co-operate on specific areas such as foreign affairs, currency, defence, etc.

(vii) The confederal constitution is flexible.

(viii) A confederal state is politically unstable.

(ix) Each confederating unit has its own armed forces and police.

(x) The 12 confederal state depends on subventions from the units.

Explanation

(a) Merits of a Multi-party System of Government

(i) Single -party dictatorship: Multi-party system of govern-ment removes the chances of the evolution or the emergence of a single-party dictatorship.

(ii) Political participa-tion and education: Campaigns and rallies done by parties increase people's education and political participa-tion.

(iii) Choice: The electorate have the opportunity of choosing among the various candidates and programmes of the political parties.

(iv) Organisation: The existence of competition in this system demands for a better party organisation.

(v) Different interests and opinions are is encouraged and reflected in government of the country.

(b) Demerits of Multi-party System of Government are :

(i) Failure or Success of government policies: The elector-ate can hardly identify the party responsible for the failure or success of government policies.

(ii) Coalition gov-ernment: A coalition government may result in this system and it is mostly unstable and weak. This is a common feature of a parliamentary system of government.

(iii) Costly to operate: Multi-party system is a costly one especially when considering the amount of money pumped into organising the political parties.

(iv) Ethnic and sectionally based political parties: The system can produce this unhealthy arrangement and it does not make for the unity of a country.

(v) No common policy: There is no common policy, making the formation of a new government difficult unless there are compromises here and there which may of course not be healthy.

Correct Answer: B. cast the vote in a sealed box

Explanation

The necessary reasons for upholding the rule of law in a state are:

(i) It helps in safeguarding and giving adequate protection to the citizens from arbitrary rule.

(ii)Access to Court:It makes it possible for the citizens to gain access to court to redress their grievances.

(iii)Provision of checks: The despotic tendencies of the rulers are checked and they are made to conform with the provisions of the constitution.

(iv)Fundamental Human Rights:The rule of law is a determinant in guaranteeing the rights of citizens as stipulated in the constitution.

(v)Equality of Citizens: Equality of citizens is enhanced before the law.

(vi) Maintenance of law and order is made possible in a country.

(vii)Supremacy of Law: It creates the avenue for the supremacy of law, it above the citizens, the rulers, institutions, etc., in a state.

Explanation

i. The establishment of the civil service in the colony.

ii. Emergency of the press especially the print masters.

iii. Establishment o foreign/trade relations with colonial masters.

iv. Establishment of a common Central bank of West Africa.

v. Improved health care system.

vi. It introduced Western civilization.

vii. Development of infrastructure such as roads and rails etc.

viii. Encouraged the development of nationalism.

ix. Enhanced defensive network.

x. Reduced poverty to some extent.

Correct Answer: A. the national and regional governments derive their power from the constitution

Correct Answer: C. the kwararafa empire

Correct Answer: B. 1976

Correct Answer: D. presidential system