Correct Answer: B. waived visa requirements for citizens of member countries

Explanation

(a)A confederation is a loose political union, accommodating independent sovereign states, with the intention of coming together to co-operate in some vital areas, e. g . Communication, military, trade, etc., with each of them still retaining its sovereignty. The centre is weak, making the component states autonomous in the performance of political or other issues pertaining to them.

(b) Problems that are likely to arise in a Confederal State are:

(i)Weak Centre:The arrangement of a confederation makes for a weak centre that cannot effectively control the sovereign states that make up the union.

(ii)Problem of loyalty: Citizens will be more loyal to their state governments than the central body.

(iii)Secession: A confederal arrangement is fragile and can easily break up .

(iv) There is absence of national integration

(v)Problem of national unity: This is difficult to achieve because individual states still retain their separate identity.

(vi)The constitution: The constitution of a confederal state is assumed to be flexible because it can be amended without obtaining the overall support of the people that make up the confederation.

(vii)Global issues: A confederal state makes little or no impact on issues of global dimension.

(viii)It is Unpopular: Many sovereign states detest getting involved in such a political arrangement because of its unpopularity.

Correct Answer: D. the action is illegal and of no effect

Correct Answer: D. The Assembly of Heads of State and Government

Correct Answer: C. Economic and Social Council

Correct Answer: C. politicians nominated by the government of member states

Correct Answer: D. encourages unity in diversity

Explanation

Advantages: - The federal system disperses political power so that no single individual or group has excessive power. - The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. - The federal system makes government more manageable. - Encourages unity in diversity

Correct Answer: A. the number of people who participate in it

Explanation

(a) Political socialization is a process citizens on the attitudes, values, aspirations and beliefs of a particular political system. This process makes it possible for the citizens to internalize the political culture of the state while expos-ing them to the actual role to play, their loyalty, nationalistic and patriotic feelings to the country. This process is a life long affair and it is transmitted from one generation to another.

(b) Major agents of political socialization are:

(i)Family unit :Political awareness of a child starts at home. Through different happenings and observations, the child learns and imbibes the political behaviour of his parents. His future political attitudes and inclinations are determined at family unit.

(ii)School: Educational institutions play vital role in educating people about the issues of politics in a country. Higher institutions are fertile grounds for the game of politics.

(iii)Peer group:Peer groups play a paramount role in influencing the political views of citizens. Individuals can be socialized politically by this group.

(iv)Political parties: The electorate and party members are socialized politically by political parties. This is done through political education, manifestoes and campaign.

(v)Mass media: People are socialized politically through what they see, listen to and read in the mass media (T. V., Radio, Newspapers).

(vi)Social/Religious groups: Members of these various groups abide by the rules and regulations governing them and in the process get socialized.

Correct Answer: D. making and enforcing laws