Correct Answer: D. Chief-in-Council

Correct Answer: A. Objective

Correct Answer: A. Phillipson Commission

Explanation

Limitations to the application of Rule of law:

(i)State of emergency: If a country is in crises or about to fight a war, state of emergency could be declared.

(ii) Immunity of heads of state: They may not be sued or made to appear in court. This privilege is not extended to other citizens.

(iii) Diplomatic immunity: Diplomats cannot be prosecuted in the country where they are residing as accredited representatives of their countries.

(iv) Parliamentary immunity: The law-makers are immune from prosecution for all utterances, actions or statements made in parliament.

(v) Special Administrative Tribunals: Establishment of extra-judicial bodies to try cases negates the principle of Rule of law.

(vi) Delayed justice: Justice delayed is agreed to be justice denied. Some individuals spent years in custody with their cases frequently postponed.

(vii) Delegated legislation: Bodies or organizations exercising this power have often used such powers to the detriment of the application of the Rule of law.

(viii) Wealth: The rich and the privileged few often used their wealth and positions to pervert justice.

(ix) Police excesses: Unlawful detention, arrests and torture administered by the law enforcement agents e.g. the police in developing countries.

(x) Customs and traditions: In the process of trying to respect customs and traditions of a particular people, the application of the Rule of law may be neglected.

(xi) The military in politics: The intervention of the military in the political process and suspension of the constitution are limitations to the rule of law.

(xii) Security of the state: The Rule of law can be violated with impunity in a bid to main the security of a nation e.g. arrest and detention without trial, movement of people restricted, people's property confiscated, etc all for security reasons.

(xiii) Age limit and insanity: Children underage and mentally retarded cannot be prosecuted to the letter of the law.

Correct Answer: B. London

Correct Answer: C. Voters

Correct Answer: C. supremacy of the constitution

Explanation

Supremacy of the Constitution: The Constitution is binding on the Federal and the State Governments. The Central Government as well as the State Governments derives their powers from the Constitution. Also, neither of the two Governments should be in a position to override the provisions of the Constitution related to the powers and status enjoyed by the other.

Correct Answer: A. shared between the central and unit governments

Explanation

Federal system has basic characteristics: * Federalism provides a division of legal authority between state and national/central governments. Both states and the national government are supreme within their own spheres.

Correct Answer: A. government 's general policies

Correct Answer: D. seek political power for the military