Correct Answer: D. nomadic herders

Correct Answer: C. dew point

Correct Answer: C. Savannah

Correct Answer: D. Sahel savannah

Correct Answer: A. Zambia

Explanation

(a)i Commodities of world trade.

(1) Food items e.g. Rice, wheat, etc.

(2) Agricultural raw materials e.g. cotton, rubber, etc.

(3) Mineral, e.g. Tin, columbite, petroleum, etc.

(4) Manufactured goods, e.g. computer, tractor, motor vehicles, etc.

(ii) World sea routes.

(a) North Atlantic sea route

(b) South Atlantic sea route.

(c) Panama sea routes.

(d) Suez canal route.

(e) North pacific sea route.

(f) South pacific sea routes.

(g) Cape route.

(b) Conditions that favour trade among countries.

(1) Differences in climate

(2) surplus of a resource in one region and deficit in another.

(3) Specialization of production in one region and none at other regions.

(4) Demand for products.

(5) Transportation facilities.

(6) Stable social and political conditions.

(7) Agreement between trading partners.

(8) Need to earn foreign exchange.

(9) Colonial ties.

(10) Differences in technological advancements.

(11) Political consideration / interest

(12) Differences in the prices of goods.

(13) Differences in tariffs.

(c) Reasons for low volume of trade among African countries.

(1) Similarity of products.

(2) Similarities of ecological environment.

(3) Low level of technology.

(4) Colonial ties.

(5) Low level of savings.

(6) Transportation facilities.

(7) Differences in currencies.

(8) Existence of regional trade unions.

(9) Poor communication network.

(10) Poor transport links.

(11) Trade barriers / tariffs.

(12) Preference for imported goods.

(13) Political instability.

Correct Answer: B. barrier lakes

Correct Answer: C. 0.6°C for every 100 m ascent

Correct Answer: D. ridge

Explanation

A ridge is a strip of highland which is elongated and narrow. The contours run almost parallel to each other

Explanation

(a) Problems pf agricultural development:(i) Inadequate capital/credit. (ii) Land tenure system. (iii) Use of simple m far implements.

(iv) Poor farming practices. (v) Inadequate storage facilities. (vi) Inadequate transport facilities. (vii) High taste for foreign agricultural products.

(viii) Problem of pests such as rodents, locusts grasshoppers, etc.

(ix) Problem of diseases such as blackpod diseases, capsid bug, blight, aphids, etc. (x) Weather hazards/climatic i conditions.

(xi) High cost of agricultural inputs. (xii) Annual bush burning in some areas.

(xiii) inadequate basic facilities such as electricity. pipe borne water, etc. (xiv) Inadequate processing facilities. (xv) Rural-urban migration.

(xxi) Inadequate pasture. (xvii) Negative attitude towards agriculture. (xviii) Inadequate extension services. (xx) Price fluctuation.

(xxi) Poor leached soils in some areas. (xxii) Reluctance of farmers to accept innovations. (xxiii) Management problems.

(xxiv) Inconsistent government policies. (xxv) Smuggling of agricultural products.

(b) Solutions to the problems:(i) Land reform policy. (ii) Training and re-training of extension workers.

(iii) Price control measures. (iv) Use of disease control measures. (v) Provision of loan facilities. (vi) Provision of adequate storage facilities.

(vii) Use of pesticides. (viii) Training of farmers. (ix) Mechanization of agriculture. (x) Use of manures and fertilizers.

(xi) Social orientation. (xii) Controlled grazing/Ranching. (xiii) Restriction on importation of agricultural products.

(xiv) Development of rural areas. (xv) Improvement in transportation network. (xvi) Practice of irrigation agriculture.

(xvii) Conflicts resolution between farmers and nomadic cattle rearers. (xviii) Establishment of processing plants.

(xix) Subsidy for agricultural inputs. (xx) Consistent government policy on agriculture.

(xxi) Effective management of agricultural resources. (xxii) Improved border patrols.

(xxiii) Legislation against burning.

(a) Problems pf agricultural development:(i) Inadequate capital/credit. (ii) Land tenure system. (iii) Use of simple m far implements.

(iv) Poor farming practices. (v) Inadequate storage facilities. (vi) Inadequate transport facilities. (vii) High taste for foreign agricultural products.

(viii) Problem of pests such as rodents, locusts grasshoppers, etc.

(ix) Problem of diseases such as blackpod diseases, capsid bug, blight, aphids, etc. (x) Weather hazards/climatic i conditions.

(xi) High cost of agricultural inputs. (xii) Annual bush burning in some areas.

(xiii) inadequate basic facilities such as electricity. pipe borne water, etc. (xiv) Inadequate processing facilities. (xv) Rural-urban migration.

(xxi) Inadequate pasture. (xvii) Negative attitude towards agriculture. (xviii) Inadequate extension services. (xx) Price fluctuation.

(xxi) Poor leached soils in some areas. (xxii) Reluctance of farmers to accept innovations. (xxiii) Management problems.

(xxiv) Inconsistent government policies. (xxv) Smuggling of agricultural products.

(b) Solutions to the problems:(i) Land reform policy. (ii) Training and re-training of extension workers.

(iii) Price control measures. (iv) Use of disease control measures. (v) Provision of loan facilities. (vi) Provision of adequate storage facilities.

(vii) Use of pesticides. (viii) Training of farmers. (ix) Mechanization of agriculture. (x) Use of manures and fertilizers.

(xi) Social orientation. (xii) Controlled grazing/Ranching. (xiii) Restriction on importation of agricultural products.

(xiv) Development of rural areas. (xv) Improvement in transportation network. (xvi) Practice of irrigation agriculture.

(xvii) Conflicts resolution between farmers and nomadic cattle rearers. (xviii) Establishment of processing plants.

(xix) Subsidy for agricultural inputs. (xx) Consistent government policy on agriculture.

(xxi) Effective management of agricultural resources. (xxii) Improved border patrols.

(xxiii) Legislation against burning.