Correct Answer: B. Dissected plateau

Explanation

(a)(i) Formation of erosional plains.

They are formed by agents of denudations such as rivers, wind, rain and ice. Irregular surface are often smoothened out to form plains. Different types of plain results from agents of denudation and refers to as pereplains while those fashioned by wind as agent of denudation are called pediplains. In arid regions and semi arid regions, wind deflation lowers level of land to form extensive plains whereas in glaciated regions, glaciers and ice sheets. scour and level the land to form ice — scoured plains.

(ii) Formation of Dissected plateaux.

This is a product of weathering and denudation. It is the wearing down of extensive plateau by wind, water, rain and ice. This action creates narrow deep valleys in the plateau described as dissected plateau. Very good examples are: The Scottish highlands, the Jos Plateau etc. In dry areas, corrosion by rivers and abrasion by wind dissect the plateau resulting into mesas and buttes.

(b) Advantages of plains;

(i) Rich sources of minerals

(ii) provide fertile agricultural lands

(iii) centres of population concentration

(iv) plains are good for settlement

(v) favour communication lines - roads and railways

(vi) favour growth of pasture and so encourage animal rearing

(vii) concentration of industries

(viii) flood plains of rivers favour development of ports.

Disadvantages of plains

(a) Not a good defence centre

(b) May be waterlogged

(c) Liable to flooding especially delta areas

(d) May be barren e.g outwash plains in some parts of The Netherlands.

(e) May present problem to communication especially when flooded .

Correct Answer: D. occurrence of earthquakes in certain areas

Correct Answer: B. selvas

Correct Answer: B. 160°

Correct Answer: D. Waterfall

Explanation

Waterfall is a feature of the upper course of a river. It has a steep slope which forms plunge pools.

Correct Answer: C. Isohaline

Explanation

A geographical account of road transportation under the following:

(a) ADVANTAGES

- provides more inter and intra city movement

- ease of operation

- universal mode of transport

- fare is relatively cheap

- facilitates movement over short distances

- complementary to other modes of transport

- offers door-to-door services/flexibility

- opens up the interior more than other modes

- ease of acquisition

- more employment opportunities

(b) DISADVANTAGES

- limited carrying capacity

- more prone to accidents

- roads are easily washed away by erosion

- high cost of construction

- affected by difficult terrain

- prone to traffic congestion

- contributes more to environmental pollution

- high cost of maintenance/spare parts

(c) CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVELOPMENT

- employment opportunities

- facilitates national trade

- facilitates international trade

- promotes international cooperation

- facilitates movement of people

- revenue generation

- income to individuals Is

- movement of goods and services

- promotion of tourism

- growth of hew settlements

- linking areas of production to areas of consumption

- diffusion of ideas and technology

- infrastructural development

- improved standard of living

- access to natural resources

- ease of administration

- national integration

- aids diversification of the economy

- skill acquisition

- increased production

- increase in Gross National Product (GNP)

- helps in national defence

- encourages regional specialization

- stimulates other sectors of the economy

Explanation

(A) Highlight three human and three physical factors which may favour a rapid growth of population. Human factors favouring rapid population growth.

i. Improved agricultural practices.

ii. Religious belief.

iii. Industrialization.

iv. Improved social amenities.

v. Immigration.

vi. improved transportation.

vii. Improved social facilities e.g. medical care.

Physical factor favouring rapid population growth.

i. favourable climate.

ii. availability of water.

iii. relief.

iv. soil

v. presence of minerals.

(B) State four problems that may arise from rapid population growth.

a. high rate of infant mortality

b. high morbidity

c. food shortage

d. high birth rate

e. low life expectancy

f. inadequate social amenities

g. inadequate accommodation/housing

h. pressure on land/facilities

i. increased social vices

j. overcrowding

k. inadequate transport facilities

I. inflation m. unemployment/underemployment

n. malnutrition and diseases

o. high dependency ratio.

Correct Answer: A. of the inconvenience of adjusting watches by travellers