Explanation

(a) (i) 2SO\(_2\) + O\(_2\) + 2H\(_2\)O \(\to\) 2H\(_2\)SO\(_4\)

(ii) Use BaCl\(_2\) solution it gives white insoluble solid / precipitate to form bariumtetraoxosulphate (VI)

OR

Add a solution of bariumtrioxonitrate (V), a white precipitate of bariumtetraoxosulphate (VI) is formed

(iii) I. C\(_2\)H\(_2\)O\(_4\) \(\frac{-H_2O}{H_2SO_4}\) CO + CO\(_2\)

(iv) I. H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) is acting as a dehydrating agent

II. Cu + 2H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) → SO\(_2\) + CuSO\(_4\) + 2H\(_2\)O

II. H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) is acting as an oxidizing agent

(b) (i) Water is referred to as a universal solvent because it is able to dissolve more substances than any other liquid. This has to do with the polarity of each water molecule. The hydrogen side of each water molecule carries a slight positive electric charge, while the oxygen side carries a slight negative electric charge and this helps water dissociate ionic compounds into their positive and negative ions.

(ii) Water will turn cobalt (II) chloride paper from blue to pink / anhydrous copper (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI) crystals from white to blue

(c) (i) CO / Carbon (II) Oxide

(ii) Because it is combustible / can be used as fuel

(d) (i) coke

(ii) coal tar/ammoniacal liquor / pitch

(iii) coal gas

Correct Answer: B) 0.7 moles

Explanation

To answer this question, we need to use the concept of molar mass and the relationship between mass, moles, and molar mass. The molar mass of a substance is the mass of one mole of that substance. A mole is a unit that represents a specific number of particles, such as atoms or molecules, in a sample of a substance.

The molar mass of X is given as 36g. To find the number of moles of X, we need to know the mass of X in the sample. Unfortunately, the question does not provide the mass of X in the sample. Without this information, we cannot determine the number of moles. However, the question states that the correct answer is 0.7 moles (Option B).

The relationship between mass, moles, and molar mass can be expressed as:

\(moles = \frac{mass}{molar\ mass}\)

Where moles represent the number of moles, mass represents the mass of the substance, and molar mass represents the molar mass of the substance.

Using this formula, you can calculate the number of moles if you are given the mass of the substance and its molar mass. However, as the mass of X is not provided in the question, the given answer (0.7 moles) might not be accurate.

Correct Answer: B. 0.896dm³

Correct Answer: C. ppotassium trioxonitrate (V)

Explanation

(a)(i) Diamond is buckled hexagonal giant molecule

(ii) Iodine is covalent molecule.

(iii) Sodium chloride is face - centred cubic

(b)(i) An alloy of tin is bronze (Cu and Sn)

(ii) Tindichloride (SnCl\(_2\)).

Correct Answer: C. Sodium trioxocarbnate (IV)

Explanation

(a)(i) - Covalent compounds contain only molecules while electrovalent compounds do not contain molecules

- Covalent compounds usually dissolve in covalent organic Products compounds but not in water but electrovalent compounds are soluble in water

- Covalent compounds are usually volatile with low melting and boiling points but electrovalent compounds usually have high melting and boiling points.

(ii) \(_{12}\)K has an electronic structure of 1s\(^2\)2\(^2\)2p\(^6\)3s\(^2\); L has the structure of 1s\(^2\)2s\(^2\)2p\(^4\); belongs to group II and L to group VI

(iii) Alkali metal M cannot be extracted by reduction of the oxide with oxide coke because of its high stability and reactivity.

(b)(i) The half-life of a radioactive element is the time it takes for one half of any quantity of a radioactive molecule to decay. It is therefore also equal to the time for the amount of the radioactive nuclide present to fall from one half to one quarter, from one quarter to one eight, etc.

(ii) The radioactive isotope normally used in dating archaelogical specimens is carbon - 14.

(iii) \(^{28}_{13}Al\) -> \(^{28}_{14} Si\) + \(^0_{-1}Q\)

(c)(i) - electropositive

- form electrovalent chlorides

- Replace the hydrogen in acid if more electropositive than hydrogen

-Form metallic hydrides/ionic hydrides.

(ii) Duralumin is preferred to steel in aircraft manufacture because duralumin is lighter and more resistant to corrosion.

(iii) The ability of metals to be hammered into thin sheet is described as malleability.

(iv) To calculate the number of mole of electrons involved in the oxidation of 2.8g of iron filing to Fe\(^{2+}\) + Fe —> Fe\(^{2+}\) + 2e\(^{-}\) ; 56g of Fe loses 2 mole of electrons.

2.8 of Fe would lose \(\frac{2.8 \times 2}{56}\) = 0.10 mole

Correct Answer: A. C2H2

Correct Answer: C. 0.06 kg

Correct Answer: C. unaltered