Correct Answer: C) Adaptation

Explanation

This question is asking about the term used to describe an organism's ability to live successfully in an environment. The options provided are Succession, Resistance, Adaptation, and Competition. The correct answer is option C, Adaptation. Adaptation is a key concept in biology that refers to the process by which organisms change over time to better survive in their environment. This can occur through natural selection, where certain traits that are advantageous for survival become more common in a population over time. Adaptation can take many forms, such as changes in physical characteristics or behaviors. For example, a desert plant may adapt to the hot and dry conditions by developing a deep root system to access water, or by having small leaves to reduce water loss through transpiration. Resistance, on the other hand, refers to an organism's ability to withstand or fight off a particular stressor or threat. Succession is the process by which a community of living organisms changes over time, often following a disturbance or change in the environment. Competition refers to the struggle between individuals or species for resources such as food, water, and mates. In summary, the ability of an organism to live successfully in an environment is known as adaptation, which involves a range of changes that help the organism better survive in its environment.

Correct Answer: D) rhizoids

Explanation

In lower plants like mosses, the structure that performs the functions of roots of higher plants is called rhizoids. Rhizoids are hair-like structures that extend from the lower part of the moss plant into the soil. They help to anchor the plant to the ground and absorb water and minerals from the soil. Rhizoids are not true roots as they do not have specialized tissues like root caps, root hairs, and rootlets. Instead, they are simple structures made up of a few cells. Root hairs are extensions of the epidermal cells of the root and are found in higher plants. They increase the surface area of the root and help in the absorption of water and minerals. Rootlets, on the other hand, are small roots that branch off from larger roots. Hyphae are thread-like structures that are found in fungi and some bacteria. They help in the absorption of nutrients from the environment. Thalli are the vegetative bodies of some algae, fungi, and lichens. It is important to note that while rhizoids perform similar functions to the roots of higher plants, they are not true roots and are structurally different. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C. Reduced birth rate

Correct Answer: C. sickle cell anaemia

Correct Answer: A. birds and reptiles

Correct Answer: A. Effector cells

Correct Answer: C. It can effectively be controlled by vaccination

Correct Answer: C. Plasmodium

Explanation

(a) Differences between tactic and nastic movements in plants

(b) Examples of organisms that show

(i) Tactic movement

• Volvox
• Chlamydomonas
• Egulena
• earthworm
• tilapia

(ii) Nastic movement

• Morning glory
• Mimosa
• Pride of Barbados (Caesalpinia)
• Four-o-clock plant
• Morning flower
• sunflower
• Desmodium
• clover

(c)(i) Care of the skin

1. Eating balanced diet rich in vitamins A/B2/E
2. Engaging in regular exercise
3. Washing the skin with clean water and soap daily;
4. Drinking lost of water
5. Moisturising/rubbing the skin with lotion/cream
6. Avoilding excessive exposure to ultraviolent yars/radiation
7. Avoilding bleaching creams/harsh chemicals
8. Wearing clean clothes next to skin
9. Protect the skin against injury.

(ii) Stimuli to which the mammalian skin is sensitive

• Touch
• Pressure
• Heat
• Cold
• Pain
• Chemicals

(d) Effects of high temperature on terrestrial habitat

1. Causes high transpiration rate in plants
2. Plants wither/wilt
3. Leads to high rate of metabolism in both plants and animals
4. There is a high rate of decay of organic matter
5. Leads to high rate of growth; and shorter length of life cycle in toad/housefly
6. Makes poikilothermic animals to look for shelter from heat/hibernation
7. There is high rate of water loss in animals/sweating/perspiration
8. Leads to high incidence of bush fires
9. Migration/emigration

(e)(i) Courtship behaviour in animals

A type of behaviour/instinctive action in animals; that play an important role in attracting a compatible mate/ opposite sex; of the same species; for copulation/sexual reproduction

(ii) Courtship behaviours in animals

• Pairing
• Territoriality
• Seasonal migration
• Smell/release of attractive sex hormones/odour
• Display of prominent colour patterns
• Mating calls/croaking/vocal displays/sound signal
• Dancing/attractive movements.

(f) Examples of organisms that carry out holozoic mode of nutrition

• Goat
• rat
• lizard
• frog
• bird
• human
• any correctly named example; pitcher plants; sundew; bladder worths.

(g) Use of fingerprinting in crime detection

No two individuals have the same/identical pattern/contour of fingerprints/hence it is used for crime detection; fingerprints left behind by a criminal at the scene of a crime/door/table/weapon/on victim; provide a valuable clue in the detection and subsequent arrest of a criminal; the fingerprints left on the scene of crime are photographed; and the crime suspect's fingerprints are taken and compared with the fingerprint at the scene of crime; if it matches then the suspect is the criminal.

Correct Answer: C. Pith