Correct Answer: A. The mutation will allow the cells that have the mutation to produce more daughter cells, so the mutation will become more prevalent in the population over time

Explanation

The question stem states that the mutation enables cells with the mutation to produce more daughter cells than the other cells around it. This is another way of saying that the mutation increases the fitness of the mutated cells. According to the principle of natural selection, an organism (or cell) with increased fitness will increase in prevalence in the population, since it can more readily reproduce than the other members of the population. Thus, the mutation will allow the cells that have the mutation to produce more daughter cells, so the mutation will become more prevalent in the population over time.

Correct Answer: A. The sex determination was by the man's X chromosome

Correct Answer: B. cerebellum

Explanation

(a)(i) Features of typical vetebra are:

(1) Centrum-solid piece of bone

(2) Neural Canal-passage/hole of the spinal cord

(3) Neural arch - Forming an arch over the centrum and surrounding the neural canal

(4) Neural spine-projects upwards dorsally from the neural arch.

(5) Transverse processes - projections from the sides of the neural arch.

(6) Facets/articular surfaces for adjacent vertebrae/ zysapophysis.

(ii) Types of Skeleton are:

(1) Exoskeleton; crabs, centipede, millipede, insects

(2) Endoskeleton/any named mammal/human/fish, lizards, birds

(3) Hydrostatic skeleton; worms, sea anemone, slug, earthworm, caterpillars, etc.

(b)(i) Functions of Mammalian Skeleton are as follows:

(1) Protection - gives framework/shape to the body

(2) Movement/locomotion - attachment of muscles

(3) Support/rigidity

(4) Breathing movement

(5) Production of red blood cells.

(ii) Types of joint in mammal:

(1) Immovable/fixed joint - Gliding/sliding joint

(2) Ball and socket Pivot joint

(3) Hinge joint

Correct Answer: A. Clay

Correct Answer: B. inorganic substances

Explanation

Correct Answer: B) same species of organisms and their environment

Explanation

Autecology is a branch of biology which studies the relationship between a single species and its environment. The interrelationship between the same species of organisms and their environment is what is studied in autecology. This includes factors such as the abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) components of the environment, as well as how the organism interacts with these components. Option A is incorrect because it refers to the study of many species of organisms and their environment, which is actually the definition of synecology. Option C is also incorrect because organisms in the atmosphere are studied in a branch of ecology known as aerobiology. Option D is incorrect because organisms under the earth's surface are studied in a branch of ecology known as subterranean ecology. Therefore, the correct answer is option B, which is the study of the interrelationship between the same species of organisms and their environment.

Correct Answer: B. Missense mutation

Explanation

By definition, a missense mutation will still code for an amino acid, but not the desired amino acid. Silent mutations will have a different base pair, but due to the redundancy of genetic code, it will still code for the desired mutation. Nonsense mutations code for an amino acid that leads to a stop codon, which terminates the translation of mRNA into protein. Insertions and deletions result in a shifted reading frame and typically are detrimental.

Correct Answer: B) grasshopper

Explanation

This Biology question is asking which of the organisms listed is a primary consumer. A primary consumer is an organism that feeds on producers, which are usually plants. The options listed are cassava, grasshopper, hawk, lizard, and toad. Out of these options, the correct answer is B: grasshopper. This is because grasshoppers are herbivores, which means they feed on plants. In this case, they are feeding on producers, which makes them primary consumers. Cassava, on the other hand, is a plant and is therefore a producer. Hawks, lizards, and toads are all examples of secondary consumers, which means they feed on other animals. They are not primary consumers. It's important to understand the different levels of the food chain and the roles that different organisms play. Primary consumers are an important part of the food chain as they provide energy to the organisms higher up in the chain. To learn more about this, please read the relevant sections of the recommended textbooks.