Correct Answer: B. a caryopsis

Correct Answer: D. it polllinates flowers of crops and other plants

Correct Answer: D. G₁

Explanation

G₁ is considered to be the most important checkpoint in the cell cycle. G1 precedes S and G₂, so it decides if the cell is ready to commit the resources to go through the S phase, G₂ phase, M phase, and then finally division. S is crucial for the replication of cellular materials and the duplication of DNA, but if the cell cannot pass G₁, then it will never reach S phase.

Correct Answer: C. Euglena

Explanation

Euglena use their chloroplasts to produce nutrients through photosynthesis. It is a dual organism as it can act both as an autotroph, making its own food, and heterotroph, feeding on other substances

Correct Answer: B. thyroid gland

Correct Answer: A. lung

Explanation

Bronchioles are small, narrow tubes that are part of the respiratory system and are found within the lungs. After the air passes through the trachea and bronchi, it enters the bronchioles, which represent the smaller airways within the lungs.

Correct Answer: C) The right hemisphere of the brain controls the right half of the body

Explanation

This question is asking which option among the given statements is incorrect. Option A states that reflex actions are also known as involuntary actions, which is true. Option B states that the forebrain consists of the cerebrum and the olfactory lobes, which is also correct. Option D states that the outer part of the human cerebrum is made up of grey matter, which is also true. However, Option C states that the right hemisphere of the brain controls the right half of the body, which is incorrect. In reality, the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right half of the body, while the right hemisphere controls the left half of the body. It is important to note that the brain is a complex organ that controls many functions in the human body, including movement, sensation, perception, and thought. The forebrain is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for many of these functions, including conscious thought, memory, and emotion. The cerebrum is the largest part of the forebrain and is divided into two hemispheres, each of which controls the opposite half of the body. In summary, the statement that is incorrect is Option C, which states that the right hemisphere of the brain controls the right half of the body. The left hemisphere of the brain actually controls the right half of the body.

Correct Answer: A. Filariasis

Explanation

(a) Definition of enzymes:Enzymes are organic catalyst substance that speed up/slow down the rate of biochemical reactions, they are made of proteins, and produced by living cells.

(b) Characteristics of enzymes are:

(1) Remain chemically unchanged at the end of a reaction

(2) Are specific in action/one or a group of enzymes will act on specific substrates

(3) Required in small quantities

(4) Act best over a specific range of temperature/between 35o — 40°C

(5) They are denature/destroyed at high temperature/inactivated at very low temperature

(6) Act best at specific Ph (either acidic or alkaline)

(7) Their action is reversible

(8) Enzyme action is retarded by poison or inhibitors

(9) Some are inactive and require a co-enzyme/agent to activate them

(10) They can function outside the body of the organism that produces them

(11) Enzymes are protein in nature

(c) Role of Pancreatic juice in carbohydrate and Protein digestion are:

(1) Pancreatic juice provides an alkaline medium for the action of the enzymes involved; Which operate in the small intestine/duodenum

(2) Pancreatic juice contains Amylase/Amylopsin, which converts starch to maltose sugar, it also contains trypsin, which converts proteins to peptone / peptide/ polypeptides /amino acids

(3) Carboxypeptidase, converts polypeptides to amino acids.

(d) Storage of excess carbohydrate takes this form:

(i) In Animals : Glycogen /fat

(ii) In plants: Starch /Sucrose/ Sugar

(e) The saprophytic nutrition of reproduction goes like this: -Rhizopus grows on organic matter e.g. damp/moist food/ bread / decaying mater substrate; its hyphae penetrate the food / substrate and secrete hydrolyzing enzymes, Which digest the food / substrate / results in extracellular digestion; the hyphae absorb the digested food / soluble products for metabolic activity.

Correct Answer: B. increase in solute concentration in the guard cells