Explanation

(a)Components of Blood: -(Blood) Plasma-Platelets(Thrombocytes) - White blood cells/Leucocytes - Red blood cells/erythrocytes.

(b)Name or Component of Blood that: (i) forms top layer in the test tube: (Blood) Plasma. (ii) Destroys Pathogens: White Blood Cells/Leucocytes (iii) Is Biconcave in shape: Red Blood Cells/Erythrocytes (iv) Would be relatively low in a Haemophilic condition: Platelets(Thrombocytes) (v) is produced in the bone marrow: - platelets (thrombocytes); - white blood cells/Erythrocytes; - Red blood cells/leucocytes cells/erythrocytes. (vi) Is a Thrombocyte: Platelets (vii) Is Nucleated: White Blood Cells/Leucocytes.

(c) Chemical Substances Transported by the Blood Component Named in 1(b)(i) Blood Plasma: -Thyroxine/Adrenaline/Insulin/Progesterone/Hormones. (Digested) food substances/Nutrients/Glucose Amino acids/Any correctly named digested food substances.-Antibodies/Antigens. -Oxygen/carbon(IV) oxide/dissolved gases.-Toxins -Mineral salts/salt /magnesium/copper/potassium/zinc -Urea/uric acid -Water -Vitamins

(d) Diseases Associated with Blood: -Anaemia/Anemia -Hepatitis -Sickle cell anaemia leukemia Luekaemia/Blood cancer.

(e) Reason a Disease that Attacks the Blood is Deadly: -The blood circulates throughout the body/it is a medium of transportation in the body.-It makes contact with major organs of the body and makes it easy for a disease to be deadly. -Blood disease could attack any component of blood and threatens life.

Correct Answer: C) mitosis

Explanation

The question is asking about the basis for growth and asexual reproduction. In other words, what process is responsible for an organism getting bigger and making more of itself without the need for sex? The options are meiosis, cytokinesis, mitosis, cytogenesis, and cell elongation. Meiosis is the process by which sex cells are produced, so it is not responsible for growth or asexual reproduction. Cytokinesis is the process by which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided into two daughter cells during cell division. While cytokinesis is important in cell division, it is not the basis for growth or asexual reproduction. Mitosis, on the other hand, is the process by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This is the basis for growth as cells divide and make more cells. Mitosis is also responsible for asexual reproduction in some organisms, as they can reproduce by budding or fragmentation, which are both types of mitosis. Cytogenesis is not a known process in biology. Cell elongation is a process that occurs during growth, but it is not the basis for growth or asexual reproduction. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option C: mitosis. Mitosis is the process responsible for growth and asexual reproduction in many organisms.

Correct Answer: B. coffee leaf rust

Correct Answer: D. Pressure

Correct Answer: D) light, altitude, wind, humidity

Explanation

This Biology question is asking which set of factors is completely abiotic. Abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem. They include physical and chemical factors. Living factors are called biotic factors. The options provided are sets of factors and we are to choose the set that is completely abiotic. Option A includes turbidity, tide, salinity, and plankton. Plankton are living organisms, so this set is not completely abiotic. Option B includes pressure, pH, soil, and insect. Insects are living organisms, so this set is not completely abiotic. Option C includes water, soil, bacteria, and salinity. Bacteria are living organisms, so this set is not completely abiotic. Option D includes light, altitude, wind, and humidity. All these factors are non-living and are examples of abiotic factors. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. In summary, the correct answer is option D, which includes factors that are all abiotic. Biotic factors are living and abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem.

Explanation

(a)Transpiration: - This is the loss of water; in vapour form; from the aerial parts/stomata/lentice/stem/leaf of a petal.

(b) (i) Types of transpiration: - stomatal transpiration. - lenticular transpiration - cuticular transpiration

(ii) Factors affecting rates of transpiration: - light intensity/light - temperature - wind - availability of soil water/water -humidity - leaf surface area - leaf structure/thick cuticle - sunken stomata/hairy/spiny - root system (deep/shallow roots)

(c) Mechanism of stomata! opening: -

• when the solute concentration of the guards cells is high.
• water flows from neighboring epidermic/cells into the guard cells.
• by osmosis
• the volume and turgidity of the guard cells increase
• the thin outer walls of the guard cells stretch more than thicker inner walls.
• causing the guard cells/stomata to open
• when the solute concentration is low.
• water flows out of the guard cells by osmosis.
• the volume and turgidity decrease causing the guard cell to become flaccid; and the stomatal pore is closed.

(d) (i) Similarities between transpiration and sweating: -

• Both involve loss of water from the body of the organism.
• both processes result in cooling.
• water is lost through pores.

(ii) Differences:

Correct Answer: C) Brain and spinal cord

Explanation

The nervous system is a part of the human body that helps us to communicate with the environment around us. It is responsible for sending and receiving messages between the brain and different parts of the body. The nervous system is made up of different parts, but the most important ones are the brain and spinal cord. These two organs are responsible for controlling and coordinating different body functions, including movement, sensation, and thought. Option A is incorrect because the kidney, bladder, and liver are not part of the nervous system. These organs are part of the urinary and digestive systems. Option B is also incorrect because the testes and ovaries are part of the reproductive system, not the nervous system. Option C is correct because the brain and spinal cord are the most important organs in the nervous system. The brain is responsible for receiving and interpreting information from the senses, processing thoughts and emotions, and controlling movement. The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting messages between the brain and different parts of the body. Option D is incorrect because muscles and skeleton are part of the musculoskeletal system, not the nervous system. In conclusion, the correct answer to the question is option C. The nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for controlling and coordinating different body functions.

Correct Answer: C. Testis

Correct Answer: A. impure air would be breathed into their lungs

Correct Answer: D. resistance offered by the wall of the banks