Explanation

(a)(1)Respiration: This is a process in living organisms cells involving enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions; in which food substances/glucose are broken down within cells, to release energy, in the presence or absence of oxygen.

(ii) Aerobic respiration;- C\(_6\)H\(_1\)\(_2\)O\(_6\)+6O\(_2\) →6H\(_2\)O + 6CO\(_2\) + Energy

Anaerobic respiration: C\(_6\)H\(_1\)\(_2\)O\(_6\)→???????2C\(_2\)H\(_5\)OH+2CO\(_\)2 + Energy

(b)(i) During Inhalation:

(1) External intercostal muscles contract

(2) Internal intercostal muscles relax

(3) Ribs move up and outwards

(4) Diaphragm contracts/flattens

(5) Volume of thorax cavity increases

(6)Air pressure decreases

(7)Air rushes into the lungs from the atmosphere.

(ii) During Exhalation:

- External intercostal muscles relax

- Internal intercostal muscles contract

- Ribs move down and inwards

- Diaphragm relaxes/becomes dome-shaped

-Volume of thorax cavity decreases

-Air pressure increases

- Air is forced out of lungs into the atmosphere.

Correct Answer: D. light

Correct Answer: B. schizophyta, thallophyta, bryophyta, pteridophyta and spermatophyta

Correct Answer: A) A large surface area to volume ratio

Explanation

Unicellular organisms are organisms made up of only one cell, and they carry out all their life processes within this single cell. These life processes include obtaining nutrients, which are essential for their survival. The question is asking how unicellular organisms can transport essential nutrients to all parts of their body. The answer to this question is option A, which states that unicellular organisms have a large surface area to volume ratio. This means that the surface area of the cell membrane, which is where diffusion occurs, is large relative to the volume of the cell. Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and it does not require any energy input. Because unicellular organisms are small and have a large surface area to volume ratio, diffusion can effectively transport essential nutrients to all parts of the cell. The nutrients will diffuse from an area of high concentration, which is outside the cell, to an area of low concentration, which is inside the cell. This process occurs across the cell membrane. It is important to note that diffusion is not the only way that unicellular organisms obtain nutrients. Some organisms have other mechanisms, such as active transport, to obtain nutrients from their environment. However, the question specifically asks about the transport of nutrients by diffusion. In summary, unicellular organisms can transport essential nutrients to all parts of their body by the process of diffusion because they have a large surface area to volume ratio. This allows for effective diffusion across the cell membrane.

Correct Answer: A. schistosomiasis

Correct Answer: C. Mitosis

Correct Answer: B. mouth -> gills > operculum

Correct Answer: D. is a secondary consumer

Correct Answer: D. Production of bile

Correct Answer: D. the same ovum and the same sperm