Explanation

(a) The advantages of complex structural organisation in higher animals are:

(i) There is cellular differentiation or group of similar cells differentiate to form tissues that carry out similar functions.

(ii) Differential leads to internal structural specialization or the group of similar cells or tissues becomes specialised to carry out one or more functions.

(iii) It increases adaptation to environment.

(v) It leads to mutual interdependence between component cells or division of labour by component cells which leads to efficiency and increase in size.

(b)(i) Differences between colonial organisms and filamentous organisms are:

(ii) Examples of a colonial organisms are:- Pandorina / Volvox while that of filamentous organism is Spirogyra / Zygnema / Oscillateria

Correct Answer: D. Bowman's Capsule

Correct Answer: D. Cell plasmolysis

Correct Answer: D. many involuntary actions

Correct Answer: C. facial hairs

Explanation

(a)(i) External Fertilization; Involves the release of eggs by the female to the outside environment where a male sheds its sperms on them for fertilization outside the body of the female.

(ii) Internal Fertilization; Involves the release of eggs inside the body of a female males deposit sperms inside the female where fertilization occurs.

(b)(i) Groups of Animal that exhibit external fertilization ;- Fish/pisces, amphibians

(ii) Groups of Animal that exhibit internal fertilization;- Reptiles, birds/aves, mammals

(c)(i) Effect of Detached Placenta on a Foetus;

The exchange of dissolved food substances/oxygen/antibodies between a foetus and the mother will cease, removal of waste products from foetus will cease production of progesterone/hormone will cease might lead to the death of foetus/miscarriage/abortion/still birth. Certain molecules may pass into the body of foetus.

(ii) Other Features Present in the Uterus of a Pregnant Woman; Umbilical cord, amnion, amniotic fluid, allantois, Chorion

(d) Dynamic Equilibrium; Nature does not encourage any population exceeding the carrying capacity of the habitat, living organisms play a role in the regulation of the abundance of organisms/population in the habitat. Interaction among various populations lead to competition which may result in the elimination of one species or its restriction to a non-competitive position, Plants sometimes compete by producing toxic chemicals that inhibit neighboring species, there also exists predator-prey relationship/association between animals all these forces act together to achieve dynamic equilibrium in the habitat.

(e) Problem that Organisms in Intertidal Zones of Marine Habitats could Encounter; Tendency of being carried away by waves drying up/desiccation/exposure to air, varied osmotic balance oxygen deficiency, low light intensity for producers, reduced visibility in animals, fluctuation of water temperature..

(f) Reasons the following factors are necessary for germination;

(i) Moisture;- A seed imbibes/absorbs moisture causing the seed to swell and the testa becomes more permeable to oxygen and carbon (IV) oxide. This swelling will rupture the testa before germination starts, the moisture/water activates the enzymes for metabolism leading to germination

(ii) Viable Seed;- Has a living/healthy embryo, intact healthy cotyledon/endosperm, whole without boring from insect.

(g) Reason Light energy is Considered a Limited Factor in the Production of Food by Autotrophs; Light energy is obtained from the sun which is an important factor for photosynthesis/photolysis of water that is a process of manufacturing/producing food by autotrophs at optimum temperature/sunlight/solar/light energy green plants/autotrophs will manufacture food.

Correct Answer: B. the inter-relationship between living organisms and their environment

Correct Answer: A. Vacuole

Correct Answer: B. clotting of blood

Correct Answer: D) stem tuber

Explanation

Irish potato is a type of potato that is commonly eaten all over the world. In Biology, potatoes are classified as a type of vegetable, but they are actually modified stems called tubers. The question is asking about the type of tuber that Irish potato is. The options given are bulb, tap root, rhizome, root tuber, and stem tuber. A bulb is a type of underground stem with fleshy leaves that store food, while a tap root is a long, thick primary root that grows straight down. A rhizome is a horizontal stem that grows underground and produces both roots and shoots. A root tuber is a swollen root that stores food, and a stem tuber is a swollen stem that also stores food. The correct answer to the question is option E, which is stem tuber. This means that Irish potato is a type of potato that stores food in its stem, which grows underground. Other examples of stem tubers include sweet potatoes and yams. It is important to note that potatoes are a rich source of carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, and they can be cooked in a variety of ways. Eating potatoes in moderation can be part of a healthy diet.