Correct Answer: A) chloroplast

Explanation

In Biology, we study cells which are the basic units of life. An animal cell is a type of cell that makes up animals. The question we have here is asking about the components of a typical animal cell. The question is a multiple-choice question, and we are to choose the option that is not a component of a typical animal cell. Let's look at the options provided. Option A is chloroplast, Option B is nucleus, Option C is cell wall, Option D is protoplasm, and Option E is cytoplasm. To answer the question, we need to identify the component that is not present in a typical animal cell. Option A, chloroplast, is not a component of a typical animal cell. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some protists, and they are responsible for photosynthesis. Option B, nucleus, is present in animal cells and is responsible for controlling the cell's activities. Option C, cell wall, is also not present in animal cells. Cell walls are found in plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria, and they provide support and protection to the cell. Option D, protoplasm, refers to the living content of a cell and is present in animal cells. Option E, cytoplasm, is also present in animal cells and is responsible for supporting the cell's organelles. Therefore, the correct answer is Option A, chloroplast, as it is not present in a typical animal cell. It is important to understand the components of different types of cells as they have different structures and functions.

Correct Answer: C. Calcium and phosphorus

Explanation

(a) Different methods used in Vegetative Propagation are:

(i) Use of modified underground sterns e.g. cocoyam, corn, sucker, etc.

(ii) Cutting of stem with two or three nodes and buds, e.g. cassava, croton, hibiscus, Ixora (sweet potato)

(iii) Flesh leaves e.g. onion, Bryophyllum/ bubuks

(iv)Budding: a dormant bud from one plant/ scion, e.g., citrus, mango.

(v)Grafting, where part of one plant is joined to another of the same or related species, e.g., citrus,mango.

(vi)Layering: A branch close to the soil is bent so that part of the branch touches the soil. The end of the branch is then tied to a firm support. A ring of bark has to be removed from the part of the branch touching the soil while a slit is made half way through the branch. Then this part has to be pushed below the soil and cover with soil while a heavy object is placed on the heap of the soil to weigh it down, e.g., Bougainvillea, Rose plant (sp) cocoa, coffee.

(vii) Marcoting, e.g. mango, lemon (citrus), Rose (Rosa sp)

(b)(i) Advantages of Vegetative propagation are:

• young plant uses food reserves of the parent as it becomes established or easily established.
• Growth in young plant is rapid since there is no resting or lag period
• Only one parent is needed
• desirable characters are retained
• offspring is identical to parent
• offspring matures more rapidly
• are less susceptible to adverse weather conditions
• plants that do not produce seeds can only be [propagated vegetatively)

(ii) Disadvantages of vegetative propagation are:

• No new varieties are produced; no mixing of characters
• offspring and parents compete for light and nutrients since many individuals occupy a limited area of land
• overcrowding; reduces resistance to disease
• reduces resistance to changes in climate / adaptation to environment.
• colonisation of new localities unlikely, since offspring is always produced close to parent plant
• diseases of parents will be transmitted to offspring
• undesirable features are easily transmitted to offspring.

Correct Answer: B. competition

Correct Answer: B. They perform a certain overall function

Correct Answer: B. cell

Correct Answer: C. gizzard

Correct Answer: A. presence of tall trees with thick bark

Correct Answer: C. sodium, phosphorus and calcium,

Correct Answer: C. fat