Correct Answer: D. Viruses

Correct Answer: D. edaphic

Explanation

(a) Kidney diseases

(c) (i) Estuarine habitat; is the place point where a river enters to ocean/sea, into which the tides flow; fresh water mix with salt water; to form brackish water.

(ii) food chain typical of an estuarine; phytoplanktons - branacles => fish => bridORDetritus => worm => molluse => birdORDetritus => shrimp => fish => bird

(d)(i) Pests that can attack plant crops :

Stem borer

army worms

weevils

black tea-thrips

aphids

root mealybugs

variegated grasshopper

beetle; rodents

squirrel

locust

birds

mites

cotton stainer

any correctly named examples.

NOTE : Spelling must be correct to score.

(ii) Ways of controlling plant diseases

• Chemical control/ use of fungicides/ nematicides/ bactericides/ pesticides
• Biological control/ use of predators and parasites of insects/ pests to keep them in check
• Breeding resistant varieties of crop
• Planting genetically modified crops that can resist viruses/ bacteria transmitted by pests
• Destruction of infested crops by burying/ deep burial/pruning of affected parts
• Destruction of alternate host
• Adopt good management/ crop rotation.

(e). Functions of a public health authority

• ensures cleanliness of public places/markets/schools/playgrounds
• concerned with the proper disposal of refuse
• provides maternity clinics/health centres/nursing homes/family planning
• provides child welfare services
• provides medical inspection of schools
• registers birth/death
• prevents controls infectious diseases/ administers vaccination/ immunization/ inoculation
• informs World Health Organization of the outbreak of infectious diseases
• ensures adequate provision of clean water to the public
• provides ambulance services
• provides quarantine services for plants/ animals/ humans
• gives health certificate to travelers
• provides public health education/awareness of diseases
• inspects and certifies health of animals and cleanliness of slaughter house/ abattoir.

(f). Ways of maintaining food hygiene : -

1. proper harvesting/ storage methods must be ensured to prevent damage to food items
2. food items must be properly washed/ cleaned to prevent contamination
3. food items must be properly cooked at appropriate temperatures
4. kitchen/cooking areas must be kept clean always/free from germs
5. perishable food items must be properly preserved/ refrigerated
6. proper personal hygiene must be observed by those handling food
7. cooking utensils must be properly washed/ cleaned before and after use
8. cooked/prepared food must be covered at all time
9. proper disposal of unused/leftover food.

Correct Answer: C. pituitary gland

Correct Answer: C. fresh water

Correct Answer: D) Carried digested food

Explanation

The hepatic portal vein is a special vein in the body. It is important because it carries something important. The question is asking what the hepatic portal vein carries. The options to choose from are deoxygenated blood, begins and ends with capillaries, is the largest vein in mammals, or carried digested food. Option A is incorrect because the hepatic portal vein actually carries oxygenated blood. Option B is incorrect because the hepatic portal vein does not begin and end with capillaries - it starts in capillaries in the digestive system and ends in capillaries in the liver. Option C is also incorrect because the largest vein in mammals is actually the inferior vena cava. The correct answer is option D - the hepatic portal vein carries digested food. This is because it is responsible for transporting nutrients and other substances from the digestive tract to the liver, where they can be processed and stored. It's important to understand the role of the liver in digestion and metabolism. The liver performs many important functions, including detoxification of harmful substances, production of bile to aid in digestion, and storage of important nutrients like glycogen and vitamins. The hepatic portal vein plays a crucial role in allowing the liver to carry out these functions effectively. In summary, the hepatic portal vein is a special vein that carries digested food from the digestive system to the liver. It is an important part of the body's digestive and metabolic processes.

Correct Answer: D. Bird

Correct Answer: C. the blood of the foetus might clump

Explanation

The stillbirth of a second child that is Rh-positive in an Rh-negative woman can occur due to the clumping of fetal blood caused by the production of Rh antibodies in the mother's immune system during a previous pregnancy with an Rh-positive baby. This condition, known as hemolytic disease of the newborn, can be prevented with appropriate medical interventions like Rh immunoglobulin injections.

Correct Answer: D. rool the eyeball

Correct Answer: B. cell sap of the yam is more concentrated than the salt - solution