Correct Answer: B) a epiphyte

Explanation

In Biology, there are different types of plants that exist, and one of them is a plant that grows on another plant without causing any harm to the host plant. This type of plant is called an epiphyte. An epiphyte is a plant that grows on the surface of another plant, usually on the branches or trunks of trees. They obtain their nutrients and moisture from the air, rain, and debris that accumulates around them, rather than from the host plant. This means that they do not harm the host plant, and they can even provide benefits such as shade and shelter for animals. It is important to note that not all plants that grow on other plants are harmless. Some plants, known as parasites, obtain their nutrients from the host plant and can cause harm or even death to the host plant. Other plants, called saprophytes, obtain their nutrients from dead or decaying matter rather than from living plants. In summary, an epiphyte is a type of plant that grows on another plant without causing any harm to the host plant. It obtains its nutrients from the air and debris around it rather than from the host plant.

Explanation

(a)Process of meiotic division:

(i) In the prophase of first meiotic division, there is formation of chiasma. Variation occurs from the number and position of chiasmata formed. This determines the different combination that is possible in genes relative to the sequence of genes on the chromosomes.

(ii) In the metaphase of the first meiotic division, segregation of chromosomes occurs. This results in mixing of genes from different individuals carried on different chromosomes which now result in variation between parents and offsprings or among offsprings. Mixing of genes is known as crossing over.

(b)(1)Mendel's first law called law of segregation of genes states that characters of an organism are controlled by genes occurring in pairs which are independently transmitted in gametes from one generation to another without undergoing any alteration.

(ii) The second law known as independent assortment of genes states that character behaves as a separate unit and is inherited independent of another character.

Explanation

(a)(i) Cell theory states that:

(1) the cell is the smallest unit of life.

(2) The cell is the unit of function of life.

(3) New cells are produced from existing cells.

(4) All living things have cells and cell products.

(ii)(1) Robert Hook

(2) M. J. Schleiden

(c) Differences between a plant and animal cell are:

(d) Difference between Hydra and mammal:

(i)Level of organization: Hydra is organised in the tissue level while mammal is organised in the system level

(ii)Symmetry: Hydra is radially symmetrical while mammal possesses bilateral symmetry

(iii) Hydra possesses two body layers, e.g. ectoderm and endoderm while mammal possesses three layers.

Correct Answer: D. extract the chlorophyll from the leaf

Correct Answer: C. abscisin

Correct Answer: A) Ficus

Explanation

The question is asking which species has an aerial root. Aerial roots are roots that grow above the ground and are usually found in plants that need support or moisture from the air. The options to choose from are Ficus, Centrosema, Antigonon, Lantana, and Dahlia. Out of these options, the correct answer is Ficus. Ficus is a genus of plants that includes many different species, some of which have aerial roots. These roots help the plant to obtain moisture and nutrients from the air and to support the plant's weight. Centrosema, Antigonon, Lantana, and Dahlia are not known for their aerial roots. Centrosema is a legume that is used for forage and as a cover crop. Antigonon is a flowering vine that is sometimes called coral vine. Lantana is a genus of flowering plants that are often grown for their colorful flowers. Dahlia is a genus of plants that are grown for their showy flowers. In summary, the correct answer to this question is Ficus, as this is the only species listed that is known to have aerial roots. It is important for Biology students to understand the different adaptations and structures that plants use to survive and thrive in different environments.

Correct Answer: D. endoplasmic reticulum

Correct Answer: A. acquired characteristics

Explanation

Acquired traits include things such as calluses on fingers, larger muscle size from exercise or from avoiding predators.

Correct Answer: A) Scales

Explanation

Reptiles and birds are two groups of animals that share some similarities in their physical characteristics. The question is asking which structure is common to both reptiles and birds among the given options. The options are scales, legs, beaks, claws, and all of the above. Scales are thin, plate-like structures that cover the skin of reptiles and some birds, providing protection and reducing water loss. Legs are appendages that help reptiles and birds move around. Beaks are specialized mouthparts that birds use to catch and eat their food. Claws are sharp, curved nails that reptiles and birds use for defense and hunting. Out of the given options, the structure that is found in both reptiles and birds is scales. Scales provide similar functions in both groups, such as reducing water loss and protecting the skin. Therefore, option A, scales, is the correct answer. It is important to note that while legs, beaks, and claws are also found in both reptiles and birds, they are not exclusive to these groups and can also be found in other animals. To learn more about the characteristics of reptiles and birds, please read the relevant sections of the recommended textbooks.

Correct Answer: D. multiple genes