Correct Answer: D. decay of meat

Explanation

(a) (i) The law of independent assortment states that each member of alleles or contracting character may combine randomly with either member of another pair.

(ii) Findings of Mendel's experiment involving white and red flowered pea plants:-On crossing white and red flowered pea plants, he obtained all red - flowered offspring, but on self-.crossing each of these red- flowered plants he obtained mixtures of red flowered and white flowered plants in the ratio of 3:1 (¾ red / ¼ white flowered).

(iii)Illustrations: Key for parental genotype e.g R for red, r for white

(b) Blood grouping in man is determined by three alternative genes (alleles) A, B, and 0. A person can only possess two (alleles) of the genes on a pair of homologous chromosomes. 0 is recessive to both A and B, hence it is possible to have blood group A and AA (homozygous) and AO (heterozygous) and group B as BB or BO. However, group 0 can only exist genotypically as 00 in the homozygous recessive state.

Correct Answer: B. inorganic substances

Correct Answer: B. Low production of insulin

Correct Answer: D) liver

Explanation

The question is asking which organ produces bile. Bile is a greenish-yellow fluid that helps in the digestion of fats. Among the options given, the correct answer is option D - Liver. The liver is a large organ located in the upper-right part of the abdomen. It produces bile which is then stored in the gallbladder. When we eat food that contains fat, the gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine where it helps to break down the fat. The pancreas, which is option B, produces enzymes that help in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The spleen, which is option C, is an organ that filters the blood and helps fight infection. The stomach, which is option E, produces gastric juice that helps in the digestion of proteins and fats. Therefore, to answer this question correctly, one needs to know that the liver produces bile, which is important in the digestion of fats.

Correct Answer: D. guard cell

Correct Answer: B. DNA helicase disrupts the hydrogen bonding between the two strands of DNA and exposes the insides of the DNA helix, allowing for other enzymes to replicate or transcribe the single-stranded DNA.

Explanation

DNA helicase is an enzyme that is able to slip between the two strands of DNA and disrupt the hydrogen bonds that keep the DNA in the double helix structure. This disruption opens up the DNA helix, and exposes sections of DNA that can then be transcribed or replicated. As helicase moves down the double helix, the DNA reforms into a double helix since the enzyme is no longer blocking the hydrogen bonds.

Correct Answer: A. Kidney

Correct Answer: A. Spotted Leopard HH Black Panther hh

Explanation

(a)(i) Inhalation involves the contraction of the outer muscles of the diaphragm which makes the diaphragm to pull downward and the intercostal muscles to contract to raise the ribs. The two movements increase the volume of the lungs, thereby reducing the pressure of the air inside them. This enables the air at atmospheric pressure to go into the lungs.

(b) In the shoot system of flowering plants, gaseous exchange takes place through the stomata of the leaves, the green parts and the lenticels at the bark of stem. Stoma is a hole enclosed by two guard cells which change in volume due to osmotic pressure in the guard cells. When the osmotic pressure in the guard cells is high, they become turgid and this makes the stoma to open and when the pressure is low, the guard cells become flaccid and this makes the stoma to close. Generally, exchange of gases in and out of the leaves and lenticels is controlled by the opening and closing of the stomata.

(c) Experiment to demonstrate the effect of distilled water on mammalian red blood cell:

Aim: To show that distilled water has effect on the red blood cell.

Apparatus: Beaker, distilled water, thistle funnel, ether, pig's bladder and red blood cells.

Method: The pig's bladder is dissolved in ether to make it soft and used to close or seal the stem end of the thistle funnel. Then pour the red blood cells into the thistle funnel and immerse in water inside the beaker. Mark the initial level of both solutions.

Observation and conclusion: It was observed that the level of red blood cells had risen in the thistle funnel indicating that the distilled water moved into the thistle funnel via the pig's bladder.