Correct Answer: A. reduced prices of inputs

Correct Answer: D. improving the infracstructural facilities in a farm

Correct Answer: B. Bacteria

Correct Answer: A. I, II and III only

Explanation

Option A is correct because agricultural development entails employing diverse means, through mechanization and new innovations and also government policies to boost agricultural production.

Correct Answer: C. I, II and III

Explanation

All the tools listed are used in soil analysis. A pH meter is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. A sieve is used to separate and grade soil and rock particles according to their size. A hygrometer is used to measure the moisture content in the atmosphere, which can affect soil moisture levels.

Correct Answer: C. assists in the control of corn smut

Correct Answer: D. sunshine

Explanation

4(a)(i) Definition of soil tillage Soil tillage is the mechanical manipulation of soil to provide suitable medium for crop growth. OR Soil tillage is the working of the soil with suitable implements to provide a soil medium of fine tilth for crop growth

(ii) Distinction between primary tillage and secondary tillage

Primary tillage is the breaking of the soil into big clods with the aid of the plough or other appropriate implement whereas, secondary soil tillage is the pulverizing / breaking of the big soil clods into fine tilth

(b) Roles of soil management practices

Roles of green manuring

It reduces soil erosion

It adds nutrients to the roil

-It increases the population of soil micro — organisms/ macro-organisms

It improves aeration in the soil t improves the soil structure

-It increases the humus content of soil/C.E.C -

- It improves water infiltration

-It improves water holding capacity.

- It buffers the soil/regulates soil pH

Roles of mulching

- Maintains a uniform soil temperature

- Increases water infiltration in the soil

- Controls weeds

- Reduces soil erosion

- Conserves soil moisture

- Increases soil fertility if organic mulch is used

- Improves soil structure if organic mulch is used

(c) Reasons for carrying out irrigation in crop production

- Softens the ground for tillage practices

- Cools the soil arid atmosphere thereby creating more favourable environment for plant growth

- Provides crop insurance against drought/supplements water requirement of crops

-Provides cool environment for growth of soil organisms

- Can be used to apply fertilizer(Fertigation)

-Makes possible two or more croppings within one year

-Helps in washing out or diluting excess salts in the soil

Explanation

(a) Explanation of land tenure system It refers to the system of land ownership/ acquisition by individuals or groups for temporary or permanent use plant.

(b) Definition of weed A weed is any plant found growing in a place where it is not wanted/desired. It is an unwanted plant.

(c) Discussion of groundnut rosette disease

(i) Causal organism

-Virus

(ii) Mode of transmission

- By insect vector called aphid

(iii) Symptoms

- Stunted growth

- Leaves turn yellow with mosaic of mottling

- Leaves become closely packed and curled

(iv) Control

-Early planting

- Plant resistant verities

- Uproot and burn infected plants

- Use insecticide to kill aphids

- Practise close spacing

(d) Characteristics of factors of production

(i) Land

- Immobile/fixed in supply

- Subject to the law of diminishing returns

- Its reward is rent It is a fixed asset

- Its value is based on its location its unit is acres/hectares It is a free gift of nature

- It is heterogeneous in nature It appreciates/depreciates over time.

(ii) Capital

- It takes different forms, e.g. machinery and agro-chemicals

- It can depreciate/appreciate over time - It could be fixed or working capital

- The reward of capital is interest - It is man-made and is accumulated over time.

- It can be used to acquire other factors, e.g. land and labour.

Correct Answer: B. establishment of pasture