Correct Answer: B. trypanosomiasis

Correct Answer: D. wearing age

Correct Answer: D. transplanting

Correct Answer: C) leaves

Correct Answer: D. storing in soils

Explanation

The production of banana can best be explained under the following headings: (a) Common cultivars/varieties of banana: These are: Gross Michael, cavaendish or canary.

(b) Planting materials: These are corm (or bits), peeper suckers, sword sucker and maiden sucker

(c) Propagation: To plant or propagate, large planting holes should be dugged out. The hole should be refilled with well manured soil before planting the sucker into it and the spacing should be 4m or 5m apart.

(d) Husbandry: The plantation should be well taken care of by weeding the spaces between banana stands, regular application of manure or nitrogenous and potassium fertilizers, pruning of suckers to avoid overcrowding per stand. The plantation should be irrigated when rainfall is insufficient. There should also be mulching of stand and control of diseases and pests.

(e) Common Pest: These include nematode, stem borer, rats.

(f) Common diseases and their control: These include Panama disease which could be controlled by flooding for at least six months. Others are leaf spot which can be controlled by spraying with a suitable fungicide; Sigatoka which can also be controlled by the use of appropriate fungicides.

(g) Maturity period: This is 12 — 18 months.

Correct Answer: D. entrepreneurship

Explanation

The factor of production whose reward is profit is entrepreneurship. The reward for land is rent, the reward for labour is wages or salaries while the reward for entrepreneur is profit and the reward for entrepreneur is profit and the reward for capital is interest. Therefore, choice D is correct.

Explanation

(a) Reasons for some practices undertaken by some West African farmers:

(i)Movement of herdsmen southwards during the dry season

• Abundance of forage in the south but scarcity of forage in the north because of the unequal
• rainfall distribution in the dry season
• Water scarcity in the north during the dry season forces them to move their animals
• southwards in search of water.

(ii)Preference for the use of simple farm tools:

• High cost of farm machinery/inadequate capital
• Low level of technical know-how on how to operate and maintain modem machines
• High cost of spare parts
• Land tenure system fragments farmlands and this discourages large-scale mechanized farming
• Simple farm tools are much more readily available
• They are also affordable
• Easy to maintain
• Easy to use
• Spare parts are not readily available

(b)(i) Problems associated with the movement of herdsmen:

• Exposes animals to natural hazards
• Death of animals due to fatigue of travelling long distance
• Movement of animals causes destruction ofthe soil structure (compaction)
• New diseases are easily introduced into another area
• Indiscriminate mating in the herds leading to the transmission of undesirable traits
• Diseases spread easily within the herds
• Animals cause damage to cultivated crops along their route
• Damage to crops brings about serious conflict/clashes between the herdsmen and the local farmers
• It exposes the herdsmen to dangers such as extremes of climatic conditions, wild animals, diseases and armed banditry attacks
• New pests are easily introduced into another area
• It encourages cattle rustling
• Neglect of formal education for the children of herdsmen.

(ii) Solution to the problems of the herdsmen movement

• Provision of adequate security against theft
• Disease/pest resistant animals should be reared
• Provision of nomadic schools in strategic locations
• Provision of irrigation facilities during the dry season in the north/savannah region to help in the artificial pastures
• Establishment of grazing reserves at strategic locations in the north by government/ranching
• Preservation of fodder which are in abundance in the south into hay and silage and
• transported to the north during the dry season
• Provision of cattle tracks/paths for easy passage of herds to prevent destruction of crops along their route
• Castration of animals with undesirable traits long before the journey
• Payment of compensation for damage caused to crops
• Both herdsmen and animals should be vaccinated regularly

Explanation

(a) Functions of a farm manager

-Marketing functions (e.g. quantity of produce to sell and price )

-Short and long term decision making

-Planning of operations

-Organizing

-Directing/leading

-Supervising

-Coordinating

-Evaluating/Monitoring •

-Budgeting

-Ensures adequate record keeping

-Staffing (recruitment, training, motivation, fixing salaries)

(b) Explanation of terms used in Agricultural Economics

(i) Appreciation: - Is the increase in the value of asset overtime

- Young animals, growing crops, lactating animals, cash crops and land can all appreciate in value over time.

(ii) Salvage value: - This is the amount of money received from the disposal of fixed assets after their normal useful life. •

-An asset may depreciate to an extent that it attracts little value.

- When there is uneconomic value on an asset, it is termed obsolete and therefore sold off as scrap

- Assets like machinery, motor vehicle, equipment and implements which depreciate can have salvage value.

(iii) Farm budget

- This is the estimated future income and expenditure of farm operations.

-The budgeting technique helps the farmer to select the most profitable plan from among competitive alternative plans

-It also helps to check the profitability of any economic change in farm plan

(iv) Farm inventory

-It is the listing of all assets on the farm and their money worth

-This is normally carried out at the close of farming season and at the beginning of farming season

-The inventory book will show details such as quantity of item, date of purchase, price and other useful information.

(c) Qualities of a good agricultural extension agent

• Originality in thought, word and action
• He must be a good listener
• Must be patient with the people
• Must be honest and transparent
• Must be able to take steps without being directed
• Must be able to organize and implement programmes
• Must be able to offer clear judgement in all issues
• Must stay clear of local politics
• Must know and respect the culture of the people
• Must be a good mixer
• Good knowledge of the subject matter
• Must be able to speak the language of the people
• Must be a good communicator
• He must be friendly
• Exemplary leader
• Must be able to solve problems as they arise

Explanation

(a) Definition of balance sheet A balance sheet is a financial statement which shows the assets, liabilities and net worth of a farm at a point time

OR

A balance sheet is a statement showing the financial Position of a farm at a point in time

(b)

(c) Ways in which balance sheet is important

-Provides useful information on the net worth of the farm

- It is used in assessing a farm's liquidity and financial flexibility that is, the ability of the farm to take appropriate actions to alter the timing and amount of cash flows in order to respond to unanticipated needs and opportunities

- It shows the structure which refers to the nature and amounts of investments in enterprise resources

(d) Farm credit worthiness: Yes the farm is credit-worthy

Reason: Because the farm's assets are greater than its liabilities