Explanation

6(a) Effects of maize weevil on maize grains are: (i) destroys the endosperm, thereby, reducing the food value grains. ( (ii) reduces viability of infested grains as the embryos are damaged. (iii) reduces market value of infested grains. (iv) predisposes infested grains to other pathogenic microorganisms attack. (v) reduces the quantity of the maize grains and produce.

(b) General control measures of insect pests of grains in storage are: (i) Early harvesting of grains such as maize, guinea corn and cowpea reduces the level of infestation and damage in the field. (ii) Proper cleaning and fumigation of sores before grains are stored helps to reduce the level of infestation and damage. (iii) Storage of maize -cobs with or without the husks and guinea corn heads over fire places where they are regularly smoked has been found to be effective in controlling the insect pests (iv) Storage and fumigation of she in silos or sealed polythene bags/ containers. (v) maize cob stored in cribs and unthreshed guinea corn heads in rhumbus should be treated with insecticides such as Actellic 25 dust or liquid, (vi) Grains should be dried to reduce their moisture content to the desired level to kill the eggs and larva of pests.

(c) Insect vectors of crop diseases are: (i) groundnut rosette - aphid (ii) maize streak - Piercing and sucking insects e.g capsid or scale insects. (iii) cassava mosaic - white fly.

Explanation

(a)(i) Balanced diet -A balanced diet is a diet that contains all the essential nutrients in the right quantity and quality for livestock feeding.

-The essential nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

(ii) Maintenance ration -This is the ration fed to farm animals in order to maintain the normal functioning of the body system.

- Maintains animals' body weight.

- Supplied to non-productive animals

(ii) Production ration - This refers to the ration fed to farm animals to enable them to produce animal products e.g meat, milk, and eggs.

- Supplies nutrients above maintenance ration.

(iv) Malnutrition - Malnutrition is a condition in which an animal shows evidence of nutritional deficiency.

- Malnutrition occurs when a ration does not Supply all the essential nutrients in the right proportion and quality.

(b) Effects of malnutrition on farm animals -Reduces productivity - Reduction in quality of animal products - Causes diseases e.g. ketosis - Reduces resistance to diseases - Loss of appetite/poor appetite Slow growth - Fatigue Could lead to death - Reproductive failure - Anaemia - Haemorrhage - Poor appearance - Dullness - Physical deformity - Loss of weight/emaciation - Nervousness - Stunted growth

(c) Nursery practices in tomato production -Watering/irrigation - Shading - Disease control - Pest control - Fertilizer application/manuring -Sowing of seeds Preparation of nursery seedbeds - seed trays/ seedboxes - Rogueing - Thinning Weeding - Pricking-out

Correct Answer: C. ruminants

Correct Answer: C. relative humidity

Correct Answer: A. check desert encroachment

Correct Answer: B. quarantine

Correct Answer: A. Lack of access to extension services in remote areas

Explanation

One of the potential disadvantages of agricultural extension is the lack of access to extension services in remote areas. Agricultural extension services aim to provide information, education, and support to farmers, enabling them to adopt improved farming practices and enhance their productivity. However, in remote or geographically isolated regions, the availability of extension services may be limited or non-existent.

Correct Answer: A. prevent extinction of species

Correct Answer: C) Vegetables

Correct Answer: D. Fertilizer