Correct Answer: D. contain all essential plant nutrients in suitable proportion

Correct Answer: D. cuttings

Explanation

(a) The problems of agricultural development in Nigeria are:

(i) Inconsistent government policy on agriculture and it: execution

(ii) Inadequate storage facilities

(iii) Inadequate processing facilities / industries.

(iv) Land tenure system

(v) Incidence of pests

(vi) Incidence of diseases

(vii) Inadequate social amenities in rural areas

(viii) Poor transport facilities

(ix) Poor rural road network

(x) Inadequate capital / financial base for farmers

(xi) Use of obsolete tool;

(xii) Inadequate supply of farm inputs, e.g. fertilizers, improved seeds, labour etc

(xiii) Poor marketing and pricing system.

(xiv) Poor agricultural education and extension services

(xv) Inadequate or irregular rainfall

(xiv) Some cultures and religions forbid production and consumption of certain agricultural products

(b) Solutions to the problems of agricultural development in (a) above are:

(i) Efficient use of land through suitable land use policy

(ii) An integrated approach to rural development

(iii) Enough finance / capital base should be provided

(iv) Provision of storage facilities

(v) Provision of adequate processing facilities

(vi) Improvement in agricultural education and extension programmes

(vii) Provision of adequate tools and simple farm machine/Provision of sufficient farm inputs/Farm inputs should be subsidised and made readily available to farmers

(viii) Development of good marketing and pricing system

(ix) Establishment of dams and irrigation system.

(c) Ways in which inadequate storage and processing facilities have militated against agricultural development in Nigeria are:

(i) Inadequate storage facilities force farmers to produce just enough for their family.

(ii) Any surplus is wasted or thrown away due to inadequate storage facilities.

(iii) Inadequate storage facilities cause severe losses.

(iv) Estimated losses are between 20 and 30 percent in the case of cereals and even higher for more perishable food items such as fruits and vegetables.

(v) Rats, insects and micro-organisms cause large amount of food losses due to inadequate storage facilities. This in turn reduces the amount of food output available to buyers.

(vi) Inadequate processing industries in the country has also hampered agricultural development, Such processing industries are rather expensive to set up and therefore not within reach of individual farmers

(vii) Inadequate storage and processing facilities will also force farmers to sell their produce at relatively cheaper rates In subsequent years, they become discouraged and therefore cut down on their output. The aggregate effect of this, is that there will be a general scarcity of certain food items during certain period of the year.

(a) The problems of agricultural development in Nigeria are:

(i) Inconsistent government policy on agriculture and it: execution

(ii) Inadequate storage facilities

(iii) Inadequate processing facilities / industries.

(iv) Land tenure system

(v) Incidence of pests

(vi) Incidence of diseases

(vii) Inadequate social amenities in rural areas

(viii) Poor transport facilities

(ix) Poor rural road network

(x) Inadequate capital / financial base for farmers

(xi) Use of obsolete tool;

(xii) Inadequate supply of farm inputs, e.g. fertilizers, improved seeds, labour etc

(xiii) Poor marketing and pricing system.

(xiv) Poor agricultural education and extension services

(xv) Inadequate or irregular rainfall

(xiv) Some cultures and religions forbid production and consumption of certain agricultural products

(b) Solutions to the problems of agricultural development in (a) above are:

(i) Efficient use of land through suitable land use policy

(ii) An integrated approach to rural development

(iii) Enough finance / capital base should be provided

(iv) Provision of storage facilities

(v) Provision of adequate processing facilities

(vi) Improvement in agricultural education and extension programmes

(vii) Provision of adequate tools and simple farm machine/Provision of sufficient farm inputs/Farm inputs should be subsidised and made readily available to farmers

(viii) Development of good marketing and pricing system

(ix) Establishment of dams and irrigation system.

(c) Ways in which inadequate storage and processing facilities have militated against agricultural development in Nigeria are:

(i) Inadequate storage facilities force farmers to produce just enough for their family.

(ii) Any surplus is wasted or thrown away due to inadequate storage facilities.

(iii) Inade

Correct Answer: D. forestry

Correct Answer: A. expose the leaves to sunlight

Explanation

Nitrogen cycle refers to the series of complex reactions/ processes which nitrogen atoms undergo in nature through organic and inorganic forms. When plants and animals die, they undergo a process known as ammonisation. This is an enzymatic digestion which changes organic matter or proteins into complex amino acids. These amino acids will undergo another stage in the cycle known as ammonification. which involves the breaking down of complex amino acid into ammonia nitrogens. Some of this ammonia nitrogen may be used up directly by plants or by microorganism for humus formation and Amino acid ammonification R-OH-NI-1%. The remaining ammonia nitrogen then undergoes the third stage called nitrification which is an oxidative process where ammonial nitrogen is converted to nitrite with the help of two specific bacteria in nitrosomones and nitroecoccus.

The nitrite so formed undergoes further oxidative process, changing to nitrate with the help of the bacterium, Nitrobacter. Plants then absorb the nitrate and once more use it to build up plant protein. Animals which eat the plant die later and decay to add back organic matter to the soil. Some bacteria the soil take up nitrogen from the air and fix it to nitrate ready for plant use. Some are the symbiotic Rhizobiun) spp, which live in the root nodules of legumes.They fix large quantities of Nitrogen.

Some non-symbiotc bacteria also exist-Azo tobecter and clostridium live freely in the soil and fix atmospheric Nitrogen into the soil. Nitrogen is also fixed through lightening during rain storm Atmospheric nitrogen combines with oxygen during lightening to form nitric oxide and the nitric oxide is oxidised to form nitrogen dioxide by atmospheric oxygen, Nitrogen dioxide then dissolves in rain water to form nitrous acid and nitric acid. Nitrous acid is quickly oxidised and washed down the soil.

The nitrates so formed from these processes are changed back to atmospheric nitrogen by denitrifying bacteria. Some of the nitrates are lost through leaching and erosion. This process of addition and removal of nitrogen ensures balance in nature.

Nitrogen cycle refers to the series of complex reactions/ processes which nitrogen atoms undergo in nature through organic and inorganic forms. When plants and animals die, they undergo a process known as ammonisation. This is an enzymatic digestion which changes organic matter or proteins into complex amino acids. These amino acids will undergo another stage in the cycle known as ammonification. which involves the breaking down of complex amino acid into ammonia nitrogens. Some of this ammonia nitrogen may be used up directly by plants or by microorganism for humus formation and Amino acid ammonification R-OH-NI-1%. The remaining ammonia nitrogen then undergoes the third stage called nitrification which is an oxidative process where ammonial nitrogen is converted to nitrite with the help of two specific bacteria in nitrosomones and nitroecoccus.

The nitrite so formed undergoes further oxidative process, changing to nitrate with the help of the bacterium, Nitrobacter. Plants then absorb the nitrate and once more use it to build up plant protein. Animals which eat the plant die later and decay to add back organic matter to the soil. Some bacteria the soil take up nitrogen from the air and fix it to nitrate ready for plant use. Some are the symbiotic Rhizobiun) spp, which live in the root nodules of legumes.They fix large quantities of Nitrogen.

Some non-symbiotc bacteria also exist-Azo tobecter and clostridium live freely in the soil and fix atmospheric Nitrogen into the soil. Nitrogen is also fixed through lightening during rain storm Atmospheric nitrogen combines with oxygen during lightening to form nitric oxide and the nitric oxide is oxidised to form nitrogen dioxide by atmospheric oxygen, Nitrogen dioxide then dissolves in rain water to form nitrous acid and nitric acid. Nitrous acid is quickly oxidised and washed down the soil.

The nitrates so formed from these processes are changed back to atmospheric nitrogen by denitrifying bacteria. Some of the nitrates are lost through leaching and erosion. This process of addition and removal of nitrogen ensures balance in nature.

Correct Answer: D. carbohydrates

Correct Answer: B. Feeder

Correct Answer: D. ddischarge of waste used in the control of pond's pests

Correct Answer: D. Factors related to the physical environment

Explanation

Abiotic factors in an agricultural ecosystem are the non-living components of the environment that influence the ecosystem and agricultural productivity.