Correct Answer: C. industrial North East

Correct Answer: C. on

Correct Answer: D. paid off

Explanation

(a)The main features of the Malthusian theory are:

(i) That population was growing at a geometrical progression while food production was growing at arithmetical progression.

(ii) That there is a tendency for all living things to grow beyond the food available to them.

(iii) Unless population increase is matched with means of subsistence, negative and positive checks will come into force.

(iv) That population is essentially limited by the means of subsistence.

(b) The theory has become irrelevant due to the following facts:

(i) The development in technical knowledge and mechanization of agriculture to increase food supply.

(ii) Changes in social attitudes as regards family size.

(iii) Increased efficiency in the transportation system enables more materials to be provided to areas that needed them.

(iv) The industrial revolution also changed the idea of land as a fixed factor of production.

(v) Opening of new colonies which provided the needed land

(vi) The interdependency of nations as a result of international trade.

Correct Answer: C. nearness to market

Explanation

(a) i. A growing population is one which has a large proportion of young people. A declining population, on the other hand, is one with a large proportion of old/aged people.

(i) Overpopulation exists if the population is so large n relation to the country's resources and level of technology to the extent that output per head is below the O Under population exists if the population is too small in relation to a country's resources and eve or technology such that output per head is below the optimum.

(b) (i) There will be pressure on the existing social amenities Such as water, electricity, health facilities, etc.

(ii) There will be congestion in urban areas.

(iii) a large population may result in greater unemployment.

(iv) Per capita income may fall which will result in a fall in the standard of living, due to high cost of living.

(v) A rapidly growing population will result in a high dependency ratio.

(vi) High dependency ratio may result in low savings by the labor force and hence low capital formation in the economy.

(vii) Rapid population growth may result in high environmental pollution.

(viii) There will be an increase in government expenditure in the provision of social amenities.

(ix) It will lead to rural-urban migration with its attendant problems, as well as emigration with its problem of brain drain.

(x) High demand for goods and services, if not matched by increased output will result in inflation

(xi) Government will be compelled to import more consumer goods which will adversely affect the balance of payments.

Correct Answer: C. both forward and and reverse reactions proceed at the same rate

Correct Answer: C. test tube

Correct Answer: D. Japan

Correct Answer: D. consumers

Explanation

This is because, according to the concept of equilibrium, if supply increases while demand remains constant, there will be an excess of supply over demand. This will bring about a decrease in the equilibrium price of the commodity and an increase in the equilibrium quantity. This gave rise to the fifth law of demand and supply which states that: “an increase in the supply of a commodity will cause the equilibrium price to fall and the quantity demanded to increase, while a decrease in supply will cause the equilibrium price to rise but the quantity demanded will fall”.