Explanation

(a) IMPORTANCE OF MIDDLEMEN,

(i) Middlemen help to gather the products of many producers and sell-to the final consumers.

(ii) They help to sort products into various groups in terms of quantity, type and size,

(iii) Middlemen buy in large quantities and sell in small quantities to the consumers,

(iv) The middlemen can can repackage broken bulk into smaller units for the convenience of customers.

(v) Middlemen help the producers in selling their products.

(vi) They provide warehouse facilities to the producers.

(vii) Middlemen provide financial assistance to the producers and sometimes sell on credit to consumers,

(viii) Middlemen serve as link between producers and consumers,

(ix) Middlemen buy products and transport them closer to the customers.

(x) They provide information to both the producers and consumers.

(xi) They help in product promotion.

(b) FACTORS DETERMINING CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION,

(i) The nature of the product, that is the size, weight and perishability of a product determine the choice of a channel.

(ii) The type and characteristics of consumers - A producer with large market size tends to use middlemen", reach the consumers. If the market is concentrated in a particular geographic area, the producer uses direct channel but if the consumers are disperse the producer uses indirect channel.

(iii) Competition -The choice of a channel may determined by competitive considerations Such as the need to reach the same market serviced by competitors or rivals,

(iv) Availability of Middlemen -The availability of able and: willing resellers especially with respect to the kind of product and the types of functions needed by the producer also an influencing factor.

(v) Desired level of channel control - To check unethical practices of middlemen and to have control over information gathering, retail advertising. store display and prices, a company may choose to have few a middlemen and a short channel as possible

(vi) Marketing Environmental characteristics - environmental factors such as economic, Social socio-cultural, political, technological. etc determine choice of channel to be used.

Correct Answer: D. legal sanction

Explanation

(a) James emphasized the role of faith in producing effective prayer. He taught believers not to doubt when they pray. He compared any one that doubts with a wave of the sea that is driven and tossed by the wind. According to him, a double-minded person, unstable in all his ways, will not receive anything from God through prayer. James confirmed that God answers prayers generously and will grant wisdom to anyone who asks for it in prayer. He taught that prayer can remove suffering and sickness of sin. James advised that elders of the Church should be called upon to pray over the sick and anoint them with oil in the name of the Lord or the prayer of faith will save the sickman. Believers should confess their sins to one another and pray for one anther in order to attract God's healing and forgiveness of sin. James advised people who are cheerful to sing praises to God i.e. worship God in prayer. The prayer of a righteous man has great power in its effects / clean heart, clean soul. He illustrated with the prayer of Elijah who prayed fervently that it might not rain; and for 31/2 years, it did not rain. He prayed again and the heavens gave rain.

b) Hindrances to effective prayer.

(i) Our prayers will not be answered if they are not according to the will of God.

(ii) Prayers said thoughtlessly may not be answered.

(iii) If we pray without faith, our prayers may not be answered.

(iv) The presence of sin in our lives can lead to unanswered prayers / non-confession of sins.

(v) We should not serve two Gods — God and mammon.

(vi) Prayers from unforgiving hearts are usually not answered.

(vii) Lack of perseverance. We should persevere in prayers until the answer comes. (Importunity in prayer).

Correct Answer: A. have a shepherd

Correct Answer: A. Bulk breaking

Correct Answer: C. I, II, and III only

Correct Answer: D. The vacuum space in a flask helps to reduce heat loss by radiation.

Correct Answer: A. Calorimeter

Explanation

A calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat of reaction experimentally. It is designed to isolate the reaction from the surroundings and measure the temperature change in the surroundings to calculate the heat exchanged.

Correct Answer: A. Jesus taking the form of a servant

Correct Answer: A. protection of the government from media scrutiny