Explanation

(a) Kidney diseases

(c) (i) Estuarine habitat; is the place point where a river enters to ocean/sea, into which the tides flow; fresh water mix with salt water; to form brackish water.

(ii) food chain typical of an estuarine; phytoplanktons - branacles => fish => bridORDetritus => worm => molluse => birdORDetritus => shrimp => fish => bird

(d)(i) Pests that can attack plant crops :

Stem borer

army worms

weevils

black tea-thrips

aphids

root mealybugs

variegated grasshopper

beetle; rodents

squirrel

locust

birds

mites

cotton stainer

any correctly named examples.

NOTE : Spelling must be correct to score.

(ii) Ways of controlling plant diseases

• Chemical control/ use of fungicides/ nematicides/ bactericides/ pesticides
• Biological control/ use of predators and parasites of insects/ pests to keep them in check
• Breeding resistant varieties of crop
• Planting genetically modified crops that can resist viruses/ bacteria transmitted by pests
• Destruction of infested crops by burying/ deep burial/pruning of affected parts
• Destruction of alternate host
• Adopt good management/ crop rotation.

(e). Functions of a public health authority

• ensures cleanliness of public places/markets/schools/playgrounds
• concerned with the proper disposal of refuse
• provides maternity clinics/health centres/nursing homes/family planning
• provides child welfare services
• provides medical inspection of schools
• registers birth/death
• prevents controls infectious diseases/ administers vaccination/ immunization/ inoculation
• informs World Health Organization of the outbreak of infectious diseases
• ensures adequate provision of clean water to the public
• provides ambulance services
• provides quarantine services for plants/ animals/ humans
• gives health certificate to travelers
• provides public health education/awareness of diseases
• inspects and certifies health of animals and cleanliness of slaughter house/ abattoir.

(f). Ways of maintaining food hygiene : -

1. proper harvesting/ storage methods must be ensured to prevent damage to food items
2. food items must be properly washed/ cleaned to prevent contamination
3. food items must be properly cooked at appropriate temperatures
4. kitchen/cooking areas must be kept clean always/free from germs
5. perishable food items must be properly preserved/ refrigerated
6. proper personal hygiene must be observed by those handling food
7. cooking utensils must be properly washed/ cleaned before and after use
8. cooked/prepared food must be covered at all time
9. proper disposal of unused/leftover food.

Correct Answer: B. 106

Explanation

(a) Explanation of Current Assets with examples

(a) current asset consists of those resources of a business that can easily be changed into cash for example stock, debtors, bill, receivable including cash at bank and cash in hand.

(b) Uses of working capital:

(i) it is used to determine whether the business can meet its financial obligations.

(ii) It serves as a check against over trading.

(iii) It helps to determine the solvency of a business

(iv) It is used in the day to day running of the business.

(c) (i)Calculation of Current Liabilities

Current Liabilities of Zig Stores # Creditors 60,000 Bank overdraft 10,00070,000

(iii) Calculation of Current Assets

Current Asset of Zig Stores Stocks 76,000 Debtors 50000

Correct Answer: B. Emir

Correct Answer: B. GHC 1,920

Correct Answer: A. Britain

Explanation

1. Canada.
2. United Kingdom.
3. Saudi Arabia.
4. New Zealand.
5. Israel.

Correct Answer: B. 3.8m

Correct Answer: D. K₂CO₃

Explanation

To determine which salt solution will have a pH greater than 7, we need to analyze the acid-base properties of the ions formed when each salt dissolves in water. A pH greater than 7 indicates a basic solution, which typically arises from the hydrolysis of the conjugate base of a weak acid.

Let's examine each option:

A. NaCl (Sodium Chloride)

• NaCl is formed from a strong acid (HCl) and a strong base (NaOH).

• In water, it dissociates into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.

• Na⁺ is the conjugate acid of a strong base and does not hydrolyze water.

• Cl⁻ is the conjugate base of a strong acid and does not hydrolyze water.

• Therefore, a solution of NaCl will be neutral, with a pH ≈ 7.

B. AlCl₃ (Aluminum Chloride)

• AlCl₃ is formed from a weak base (Al(OH)₃) and a strong acid (HCl).

• In water, it dissociates into Al³⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.

• Al³⁺ is a small, highly charged metal ion. It acts as a Lewis acid and forms hydrated ions, e.g., [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺. This hydrated ion can donate a proton to water, making the solution acidic:

[Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ [Al(H₂O)₅(OH)]²⁺(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)

• Cl⁻ does not hydrolyze.

• Therefore, a solution of AlCl₃ will be acidic, with a pH< 7.

C. FeCl₃ (Iron(III) Chloride)

• FeCl₃ is formed from a weak base (Fe(OH)₃) and a strong acid (HCl).

• In water, it dissociates into Fe³⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.

• Similar to Al³⁺, Fe³⁺ is a small, highly charged metal ion that forms hydrated ions, e.g., [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺. This hydrated ion also acts as a weak acid, making the solution acidic:

[Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ [Fe(H₂O)₅(OH)]²⁺(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)

• Cl⁻ does not hydrolyze.

• Therefore, a solution of FeCl₃ will be acidic, with a pH< 7.

D. K₂CO₃ (Potassium Carbonate)

• K₂CO₃ is formed from a strong base (KOH) and a weak acid (H₂CO₃, carbonic acid).

• In water, it dissociates into K⁺ and CO₃²⁻ ions.

• K⁺ is the conjugate acid of a strong base and does not hydrolyze water.

• CO₃²⁻ is the conjugate base of a weak acid (H₂CO₃). It will hydrolyze water, accepting a proton and producing hydroxide ions (OH⁻):

CO₃²⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ HCO₃⁻(aq) + OH⁻(aq)

• The production of OH⁻ ions makes the solution basic.

• Therefore, a solution of K₂CO₃ will have a pH > 7.

The final answer is D

Correct Answer: C) 117 km/h, N31^oW

Correct Answer: C. W and Y only