(a) (i) Define the term drought (ii) Name two areas affected by drought. (b) Explain...

Explanation

(a) (i) Drought is a state of prolonged and abnormal moisture deficiency and a general state of dryness

(ii) Any two areas affected by drought;

— it helps in pollination

— it aids sailing of ships and aviation

— Sahelian religion e.g. Senegambia, Mali, Soutern Mauritania, Bukina Faso, N. Ghana, N. Nigeria S. Niger Republic

— Desert areas: Namib desert, Californian desert region, Sahara desert

(b) Effects of drought;

— makes land to lose its biological and economic value

— reduction in agricultural productivity

— leads to famine and death of livestock and human beings

— creates a refugee problem

— conflicts between farmers and pastoralists

(c) Ways in which drought can be reduced;

— planting of drought resistant trees and crops planting of legumes and grasses

— provision of artificial water/ irrigation

— artificial stimulation or cloud seeding

— discouraging people from the use of firewood

— creation of green belt

— improved methods of farming

—controlled grazing

— environmental education/public enlightenment

— legislation against cutting of trees and bush burning.