The mutation theory of organic evolution was propounded by

Explanation

The question is asking about the person who proposed the mutation theory of organic evolution. The mutation theory suggests that evolution occurs through the accumulation of small changes, or mutations, in an organism's genetic material over time. Out of the options given, Gregor Mendel is known for his work on genetics and inheritance, Hugo de Vries is known for his work on plant genetics and mutations, Jean Lamarck is known for his theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, and Robert Hookes is known for his work in cell biology. The correct answer to this question is Charles Darwin, who is famous for his theory of natural selection and his book On the Origin of Species. While he did not propose the mutation theory of evolution specifically, his work on natural selection and the idea of gradual change over time through small variations in traits paved the way for the mutation theory. It is important to note that while the mutation theory was popular in the early 20th century, it is now largely outdated as more research has been done on the mechanisms of evolution. Modern evolutionary theory incorporates concepts such as genetic drift and gene flow in addition to natural selection and mutation. In summary, the correct answer to this question is Charles Darwin, who is known for his theory of natural selection. While he did not propose the mutation theory specifically, his work laid the foundation for the idea of gradual change over time through small variations in traits. It is important to note that the mutation theory is now largely outdated in modern evolutionary theory.