The factors for two pairs of contrasting characters are inherited independent of each other. This...

Explanation

The question is asking which of Mendel's laws explains the inheritance of two pairs of traits that are independent of each other. When we say two traits are independent, it means that the inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of the other trait. Mendel's first law of inheritance, also called the law of segregation of germinal units, states that each individual has two alleles for a trait, and these alleles separate during gamete formation so that each gamete receives only one allele. Mendel's second law of inheritance, also called the law of independent assortment, states that the inheritance of one trait is independent of the inheritance of another trait. This means that the genes controlling two different traits are inherited independently during gamete formation. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is Option B: Mendel's second law of inheritance. This law explains the independent inheritance of two different traits so that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of the other trait. It is important to note that Mendel's laws are fundamental principles of inheritance that describe how traits are passed down from parents to offspring. Understanding these laws is essential to understanding genetics and how traits are inherited.