(a) (i) Define the term fermentation (ii) Name the catalyst that can be used for...
(a) (i) Define the term fermentation
(ii) Name the catalyst that can be used for this process
(b) Name two factors which determine the choice of an indicator for an acid-base titration
(c) Consider the following reaction equation: Fe + H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) \(\to\) FeSO\(_4\) + H\(_2\). Calculate the mass of unreacted iron when 5.0g of iron reacts with 10cm\(^3\) of 1.0 moldm\(^3\) H\(_2\)SO\(_4\), [Fe = 56.0]
(d) Name one:
(i) Heavy chemical used in electrolytic cells
(ii) Fine chemical used in textile industries
(e) Explain briefly how a catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction.
(f) (i) Write the chemical formula for the product formed when ethanoic acid reacts with ammonia
(ii) Give the name of the product formed in (f)(i)
(g) List three properties of aluminum that makes it suitable for the manufacture of drinks cans
(h) State two industrial uses of alkylalkanoates
(i) Name two steps involved in the crystallization of a salt from its solution
(j) List two effects of global warming
Explanation
(ai) Fermentation is the conversation of aqueous glucose or sugar to ethanol/alcohol and release of carbon (iv) oxide as a by product. Alternatively, it is the decomposition or breakdown of glucose/starch/carbohydrate to ethanol/alcohol and release of carbon (iv) oxide
(aii) Zymase
(b) -The strength of an acid
-The PH of the solution
(c) Fe + H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) -> FeSO\(_4\) + H2 mass of unreacted iron calculated below;
No. of moles of H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) = 10cm\(^3\)
Concentration = 1mol/dm\(^3\)
Amount = Vol x Concentration
= \(\frac{10}{100}\) x 1
= 0.01mol
1 mole of H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) = 1 mole of Fe
Mass of Fe reacted = 56 x 0.01g = 0.56g
Mass of unreacted Fe = (5.0 - 0.056)g = 4.44g
(di) tetraoxsulphate (iv)
(dii). dyes
(e) A catalyst increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy of the reaction
(fi) CH\(_3\)COOH\(_{(s)}\) + NH3\(_{(g)}\) → CH\(_3\)COONH\(_4\)
(fii) Ammonium ethanoate
(g) (a) It doesn’t corrode easily.
(b) it doesn’t react with contain inside.
(c) It can stand for a long period of time.
(h) (a) Sweet production industries
(b) perfume industries.
(i) (a) Evaporation
(b)seedling
(j) (a) it increases the volume water in ocean and seas.
(b) It causes increase in rainfall and also corrode painted surfaces