Correct Answer: C. bye - election

Explanation

Bye- election; is an election used to fill an office that has become vacant between general elections

Correct Answer: D. imposition of foreign rule on a territory

Explanation

Colonialism is the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

Correct Answer: D. Provide forum for the ventilation of grievances

Explanation

Pressure groups are a vital link between the government and the governed. They keep governments more responsive to the wishes of the community, especially in between elections. 2. Pressure groups are able to express the views of minority groups in the community who might not otherwise receive a hearing.

Correct Answer: B. Impartiality

Explanation

The Civil Service is neutral and impartial in its work. It does not interfere in the political arena. It serves whichever political party is in power and help it to achieve whatever policies they want to introduce. A Civil Servant is obliged to hide his political affiliation and pursue his work as a professional.

Correct Answer: A. the rule of law

Explanation

The Rule of Law is an important contribution of the British Constitution. It means that in the eyes of the law all persons, whether big or small, the highest government official or ordinary citizen, a big capitalist or a poor man, are equal. It also means that in the eyes of law, there is no privileged class. But certain diplomatic immunities retrain the effect of the rule of law

Correct Answer: A. aggregate views of the people

Explanation

Public opinion consists of the desires, wants and thinking of the majority of the people. It is the collective opinion of the people of a society or state on an issue or problem. This concept came about through the process of urbanization and other political and social forces.

Correct Answer: A. free election and proper register of voters

Explanation

The characteristic of a representative democracy is simply: People vote for representatives. Of course vote means a fair election where people have real choice.

Correct Answer: D. opinion sampling

Explanation

An opinion poll/sampling, often simply referred to as a poll or a survey, is a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample.

Correct Answer: A. Multi-party

Explanation

A multi-party system is a political system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national election, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in coalition.

Explanation

(a) Public Opinion can be described as the aggregate views of the people at a given time and on a particular issue / matter.

(b) Ways by which public opinion can be formed are as follows : i. Mass Media: Public opinion can be formed through information provided by the media.

ii. The organizations that people belong to e.g. Religious/ Social.

iii. Trade Unions : The trade unions that people belong to serve as the source of information which eventually help them in building public opinion.

iv. Political parties : Parties serve as an aggregating factor for people's opinion.

v. Pressure/Interest groups give information to their members and this helps them to form opinion.

vi. Public lectures/ Seminars/Symposia/Conferences enable people to form opinion.

vii. Influential people in the society also help in forming opinion.

viii. Educational Institutions help in the formation of public opinion.

ix. Peer groups assist in forming opinion.

x. Families also help to form public opinion.

(c) Ways of encouraging Public Opinion.

i. Guaranteeing press freedom ; This will enable the policies and actions of the government be made known to members of the public in their true perspectives.

ii. Raising Literacy level: If citizens can read and write, they will be in a better position to view and assess government policies.

iii. Establishment of Information Bureau: This will enable citizens to have access to information that will enable them form opinion.

iv. Guaranteeing freedom of speech and association: Members of the public should be allowed to air their views on government policies and actions/inaction.

v. Encouragement of functional civil society organizations.

vi. Encouragement of democratic government.