Correct Answer: D. prorogation

Correct Answer: D. political unity

Explanation

(a) i. The Royalty (Afin)

ii. The Kingmakers (Oyomesi)

iii. Cult (Ogoni)

iv. The Osi Efa

v. The Oni Efa

vi. The Otun Efa

vii. Army (Are Onakakanfo)

(b) i. Oath of office; guaranteed loyalty among the chiefs.

ii. The traditional three arms of government (Oba/Oyomesi/Ogboni) checked one another.

iii. Impeachment/dethronement; threats or actual removal from office.

iv. The Oracle (Ifa) made predictions and advise on precautionary measures.

v. An occult calabash (igba-iwa); to checkmate abuse of power.

Correct Answer: A. Equality before the law

Correct Answer: A. legislative arm

Correct Answer: A. Bureaucracy

Explanation

(a) (i)Clifford constitution 1922

(ii) Richard's constitution 1946

(iii) Macpherson constitution 1951

(iv) Lyttleton constitution 1954

(b) (i) it provides for a Bicameral legislature made up of the senate and house of representative

(ii) it made provision for citizenship in Nigeria

(iii) it granted emergency powers to the central government

(iv) it provides for a parliamentary system of government

(v) it made provision for the protection of fundamental human rights and freedom

(vi) it granted the federal supreme court the power of judicial review

Correct Answer: A. choice of political associations is limited

Correct Answer: A. invalidate the actions of the other arms

Explanation

(i) Colonial rule led to the collapse of the existing links between the traditional rulers and their subjects making the . former appendages of alien government.

(ii) The introduction of salaried job to the working subjects empowered the subjects to be independent of the ruler because of financial clout arising from their salary.

(iii) The impact of Western education and westernization of life led to the collapse of traditional norms and values of society e.g. homage to and respect for the traditional rulers. Traditional values were eroded by the new values of the whiterhan.

(iv) The influence of foreign religion scaled down the power of the traditional rulers as the spiritual authority of their people.

(v) Establishment of law courts by the colonialists eroded the judicial powers of the traditional rulers.

(vi) Establishment of legislative council by the colonialists reduced the law making functions of traditional rulers.

(vii) Colonialism introduced Native/Local authorities which took over the traditional rulers absolute control over taxation and its disbursement.

(viii) Forced labour and conscription by the colonialists reduced the popularity of the traditional rulers.

(ix) Stoppage of inter-tribal wars put an end to the means by which traditional rulers accumulated wealth.

(x) Power to appoint and depose which was vested in the colonial governors reduced the prestige of traditional rulers and misdirected their loyalty.